Rickettsiales: Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Erlichia

Question 1

What disease does A. marginale cause? Which species does it affect?

Answer 1

Bovine anaplasmosis - cows (duh)

Question 2

How is A. marginale transmitted?

Answer 2

Boophilus microplus – hard tick

[also dermacentor, ixodes and rhipicephalus]

Question 3

True/False. Bovine anaplasmosis is a reportable disease.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What cells do A. marginale infect?

Answer 4

Erythrocytes

Question 5

Immune response to A. marginale can be shared with which other Anaplasma?

Answer 5

A. centrale

Question 6

What does A. phagocytophilum cause?

Answer 6

Tick-borne fever primarily in ruminants

[dogs and humans in north america]

Question 7

Who are the reservoir hosts of A. phagocytophilum?

Answer 7

Rodents and deer – also transmit it through ticks

Question 8

What cells does A. phagocytophilum infect?

Answer 8

Neutrophils mostly

[also eosinophils]

Question 9

What is the major clinical sign you will find with infection of A. phagocytophilum?

Answer 9

Leukopenia

Question 10

Which species of Anaplasma causes infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia?

Answer 10

A. platys

Question 11

Which ticks transmit A. platys?

Answer 11

Rhipicephalus and Dermacentor ticks

Question 12

How are you going to diagnose these Anaplasm infections?

Answer 12

Blood smears!

Giemsa stain!!!!!

Question 13

Which cells do Rickettsiae infect?

Answer 13

Enter endothelial cells by endocytosis

Question 14

What disease does R. rickettsii cause?

Answer 14

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Question 15

What disease does R. felis cause?

Answer 15

Typhus group

Question 16

What does Coxiella burnetii cause?

Answer 16

Q fever

Question 17

Who is the reservoir host for R. rickettsii?

Answer 17

Dogs (and people in endemic areas)

Question 18

Which ticks naturally carry R. rickettsii?

Answer 18

Dermacentor andersoni (wood tick)

Dermacentor variabilis (american dog tick)

Question 19

What would you add to your media to culture R. rickettsia?

Answer 19

Glutamate

Question 20

True/False. Coxiella burnetii survives in the environment.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True/False. Coxiella burnetii has been use as an bio-weapon.

Answer 21

TRUE!

Reportable - disseminated by airborne route

Question 22

Human cases of Q-fever can be traced to which animals?

Answer 22

Sheep, cattle and goats

Question 23

Where does Coxiella burnetii persist in the animal?

Answer 23

Particularly in lactating mammary gland and pregnant uterus

Question 24

What vaccine can you use against Coxiella burnetii in small ruminants?

Answer 24

Coxevac

Question 25

Phase 2 antibodies of Coxiella burnetii is indicative of what kind of infection?

Answer 25

An acute infection

[Phase 1 indicative for chronic infection]

Question 26

What are the clinical signs of Ehrliciosis?

Answer 26

Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and anemia

Question 27

True/False. Tissue stains with giesma and other special stains differentiates Coxiella and Chlamydia psittaci.

Answer 27

FALSE! It does not differentiate these two!

Question 28

Which tick transmits Erlichia canis?

Answer 28

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)

Question 29

Who is most susceptible to ehrlichiosis?

Answer 29

Puppies and particular breeds

Question 30

Which tick is a vector for E. chaffeensis?

Answer 30

Dermancentor variabilis (american dog ticks)

Question 31

Which tick is a vector for E. ewingii?

Answer 31

Amblyoma americanum (lone star tick)

Question 32

True/False. Is E. ruminantium is reportable.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What does E. ruminantium cause?

Answer 33

African heartwater

Question 34

Where does E. ruminantium multiply?

Answer 34

Cells lining the sinusoids of lymphnodes

Question 35

What kind of disease is African heartwater?

Answer 35

Neurologic disease