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Bacteriology (Final) > Brucella > Flashcards

Brucella Flashcards

1
Q

Brucella is a gram _______ bacteria.

A

Negative

[coccobacilli, non-motile]

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2
Q

True/False. Brucellosis is a reportable disease.

A

TRUE!

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3
Q

True/False. Brucella is an obligate symbiotic and obligate pathogen.

A

True.

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4
Q

True/False. Brucella is a facultative extracellular bacteria.

A

False. It is a facultative intracellular bacteria.

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5
Q

Which species of Brucella affects mainly goats and sheep?

A

B. melitensis

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6
Q

Which species of Brucella affects cattle?

A

B. abortus

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7
Q

Which species of Brucella affects swine?

A

B. suis

[also hair, reindeer, and carbiou]

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8
Q

Why is it difficult to differientiate between Brucella species?

A

All species have high genetic homology

Need diagnosis and identification

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9
Q

Which species of Brucella is the principle cause of human brucellosis?

A

B. melitensis

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10
Q

Which type of animals typically spread Brucella?

A

Female animals

[can cause abortion, fetus and especially placenta contains a huge amount of bacteria]

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11
Q

What is the general pathogenesis for B. abortus? What is important to note about this pathogensis?

A

Infection takes place on mucosa (oral) and wounds

Then spreads to regional lympnodes and other lymphnodes for 1-6 week incubation period

Then spreads to target organs

IMPORTANT: when Brucella is spreading to lympnodes it is intracellular and “hiding”. This means there are NO SYMPTOMS! So your cows can be infected for up to 6 weeks and you have no idea.

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12
Q

Do you need a high concentration of Brucella present to become infected?

A

No, very low concentrations of bacteria are sufficient for infection.

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13
Q

Can cows infected with B. abortus have normal partus?

A

Yes, in the result of normal partus from an infected cow, the calf will be a carrier - this is dangerous

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14
Q

Which species of Brucella produce smooth colonies? Why is this important?

A

B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. suis

These are the zoonotic species of Brucella and they have high virulence

[not a stable phenotype, can dissociate to rough colonies which is unfavorable for growth conditions]

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15
Q

Which species of Brucella produces rough colonies? Why is this important? Which virulence factor do these species lack?

A

B. ovis and B. canis

These species have a lower virulence than species that produce smooth colonies

They lack O-polysaccharide

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16
Q

What component of the B. abortus cell wall is responsible for its preferential location (reproductive organs and mammary glands)?

A

Erythritol

17
Q

When will you typically see carriers infected with B. abortus exhibiting symptoms (abortion or transfer to fetus)?

A

When immunity goes does down the bacteria can begin to multiply

[CFR introduction during pregnancy - forget what this is but its like a hormone or something that lowers immunity]

18
Q

What kind of immunity do you need for a vx for B. abortus to be affective? Which mutants are typically in these vaccines?

A

Both humoral and cellular immunity needed for vx

AroC mutants and DnaK mutants

19
Q

The _____ of a test is the chance that the test is postive when the investigated animal is effectively affected by the disease.

A

Sensitivity

TP/TP+FN = Positive predicitive value

20
Q

The ____ of a test is the chance that the test is negative in the absense of a disease.

A

Specificity

TN/FN+FP = Negative predictive value

21
Q

What is the optimal test for B. abortus?

A

No optimal test available.

Need testing protocol that consists of different tests with differences in sensitivity and sepcificity.

Usually: Intradermal test and IFN-gamma test

22
Q

Which bacteria will interfere with B. suis infection and give false positives?

A

Yersina enterocolitica O9

23
Q

Is B. suis reportable?

A

Yes! It is more pathogenic than B. abortus and zoonotic to hunters.

24
Q

Which species does B. suis affect?

A

Wild boars

[eradicated in domesticated swine]

25
Q

What are the symptoms you would expect to see in a pig infected with B. suis?

A

Reproduction system: abortion, orchitis, infertility

Arthritis

Tendovaginitis

Bursitis

Osteomyelitis

26
Q

Which species of Brucella can infect swine but do not result in clinical symptoms?

A

B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. canis

27
Q

Which biovars of B. Suis are most pathogenic for pigs?

A

Biovars 1-3

28
Q

Which species of Brucella infects sheep and goats? Is this species zoonotic?

A

B. melitensis - zoonotic

AND

B. ovis - not zoonotic

29
Q

Which species of Brucella does not have any O antigens?

A

B. canis - also zoonotic

30
Q

Which species of Brucella infects whales, porpoises and dolphins?

A

B. cetacae

31
Q

Which species of Brucella infects seals, sea lions and walruses?

A

B. pinnipediae

Bacteriology (Final) (16 decks)

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