Pasteurellaceae: Pasteurella spp

Question 1

Pasteurellaceae is a gram _____ bacteria.

Answer 1

Negative

[rods]

Question 2

Pasteurellaceae is oxidase _______.

Answer 2

Positive

Question 3

Does Pasteurellaceae grow well on MacConkey agar?

Answer 3

Nope

Question 4

True/False. Pasteurella spp. are falcultative anaerobes.

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

True/False. Pasteurellaceae is an intracellular pathogen.

Answer 5

False. It is an extracellular pathogen.

Question 6

Is Pasteurellaceae zoonotic?

Answer 6

Yes but Pasteurella spp. are noticeably absent from human URT flora.

Human infection with **P. multocida **usually occurs through animal bites.

(severe, rapidly progressing cellultitis may develop after deep needle-like penetrating bite like a stupid cat bite)

Question 7

Which type of P. multocida causes Fowl cholera, Rabbit snuffles and bovine pneumonia?

Answer 7

Type A

Question 8

Which type of P. multocida causes hemorrhagic septicemia?

Answer 8

Type B2 and E2

Question 9

Which type of P. multocida causes atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 9

Type D

Question 10

Which test do you perform to differientiate between the capsular types of Pastuerella?

Answer 10

Indirect hemagglutination

Question 11

Which virulence factor is the basis for serogroups A-E?

Answer 11

The capsule

Question 12

What conditions contribute to the diseases caused by Pasteurella?

Answer 12

Environmental stress - ex: overcrowding, etc.

Question 13

What is the most important extracellular product of Pasteurella that is specifically important in atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 13

Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT)

Question 14

Which species does Type B and E Pasteurella cause disease in? Which disease? Which part of the world?

Answer 14

Fatal disease in cattle and water buffalos in the tropics

Hemorrhagic septicemia (morbidity and mortalitiy 50-100% which means it kills them really fast)

[basically the cows get a severe URI and start salivating with nasal discharge, edematous swelling in the submandibular region to neck and brisket, then respiratory distress with frothing at the mouth and they die]

[in calves, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis may occur]

Question 15

Which types of Pasteurella cause fibrinous brocho and plueropneumonia and is associated with shipping fever? Which species do these types affect?

Answer 15

Type A and D

Bovine and porcine

[occurs as a part of bovine respiratory disease complex]

Question 16

Which birds are more susceptible to fowl cholera? Mature or young?

Answer 16

Mature ones

Question 17

Which spp of Pasteurella causes fowl cholera?

Answer 17

Pasteurella multocida {Type A}

Question 18

What kind of disease is Fowl Cholera? Why is it historically significant?

Answer 18

Invasive, septicemic disease of avian hosts

{Can have high morbidity and moraltity}

Louis Pasteur demonstrated the protective efficacy of heat inactivated baterins for vaccines

Question 19

Which species does Type D Pastuerella affect and what disease does it cause?

Answer 19

Pigs

Atrophic rhinitis

Question 20

What clinical signs would expect to see in a pig affected with atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 20

Chronic progressive rhinitis throughout growing period with nasal turbinate atropy and varying degrees of facial deformity

Question 21

Which extracellular toxin does B. bronchiseptica produce that accumulates in the bacterial cell and inhibits osetoblast differientiation, causing a regressive form of AR in young pigs?

Answer 21

Dermonecrotic Toxin (DNT)

[constitiutively activates Rho GTPases in target cells by covalent modification and causes cytoskeletal rearrangements]

Question 22

Which species of Pasteurella causes atropic rhinitis in pigs?

Answer 22

Frequently associated with B. bronichiseptica and toxgenic P. multocida (type D) infection

[air quality is a determinant of disease, ex: dust)

Question 23

Which extracellular pathogen produced by Pasteurella multocida accumulates in the bacterial cell and increases osteoclastic activity and reduces osetoblast activity, causing a progressive form of AR in pigs?

Answer 23

Pastuerella multocida Toxin (PMT)

Question 24

How can you tell if your pigs have progressive AR or regressive AR?

Answer 24

Regressive AR will only have a DNT positive test

Progressive AR will be DNT positive and PMT positive

Question 25

True/False. Detection of toxigenic P. multocida in the absence of clinical signs constitutes a definitive diagnosis.

Answer 25

FALSE! This DOES NOT constitute a definitive diagnosis.

Question 26

What does P. multocida cause in piglets?

Answer 26

Pneumonia

Question 27

Which type of P. multocida causes one of the most important bacterial diseases in rabbits? What is the disease?

Answer 27

Type A causes Rabbit Snuffles

[a recurrent mucopurulent rhinosinusitis - basically a really bad respiratory infection]

[type A can also cause a genital infection]

Question 28

What is the most common clinical sign of the snuffles?

Answer 28

Catarrhal nasal discharges

Question 29

What is the term that describes the way you distribute antibiotics en mass (to a herd) to reduce disease during an outbreak?

(talked about while treating atrophic rhinitis)

Answer 29

Metaphylaxis

[from what I gathered in lecture you give a ton of antibiotics to the herd]

Question 30

How can you control the outbreak/spread of atrophic rhinits?

Answer 30

MANAGMENT!!!

Air quality, prevent introduction of PMT carrier, quarantine new pigs, reduce stress

Also vaccines

Question 31

What antibiotic would you use for an animal bite infected with P. multocida?

Answer 31

Penicillin!

[can get complicated by polymicrobial infections! Do not wait for AST results!]