Rhinology Flashcards
history of nasal disorders
Nasal obstruction Nasal discharge Epistaxis Facial pain Nasal deformity Anosmia Sneezing
Ix for nasal disorders
CT MRI Skin tests Rhinomanometry Flexible/rigid nasoendoscopy
What is rhinomanometry used for?
Ix of the resp capacity of the nose
Aetiology of nasal polyps
Chronic inflammation
Autonomic NS dysfunction
Genetic predisposition
Tx for nasal polyps
Oral and nasal steroids -prednisolone Immunotherapy Surgery -traditional polypectomy -micro de rider -endoscopic sinus surgery
Which type of nasal polyps are most likely to recur?
Multiple small polyps
Not so much large and choanal
What is defined as acute rhinosinusitis
Duration of symtoms less than 12 weeks
Symptoms resolve completely
Define recurrent acute rhinosinusitis
> 1 and <4 episodes of acute rhinosinusitis
Complete recovery and 8 weeks at least between each episode
Define chronic rhinosinusitis
Duration of symtoms more than 12 weeks
Persistent inflammatory changes for more than 4 weeks
Acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis definition
Worsening or appearance of symptoms
Complete resolution of acute but not chronic symptoms between episodes
Name 3 causitative organisms of rhinosinusitis
Strep pneumoniae
H. Influenzae
Staph aureus
S+S of rhinosinusitis
Facial pain and pressure Hyperosmia/anosmia Nasal congestion/obstruction Purulent post nasal drain Headache Fever Fatigue
Tx for rhinosinusitis
B lactams -penicillin -cephalosporins Macrolides -erthyromycin -clarithromycin
9 causes of epistaxis
Infection Trauma Allergy Hypertension and atherosclerotic vascular disease Hereditary haemorrhagoc tepangiectasia Blood dyscrasias Atopic rhinitis Tumour Congenital or acquired nasal defect
Tx for epistaxis
Anterior or posterior nasal packs
Surgery
-different types of litigation
