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Head And Neck Year 2 > Hearing And Balance > Flashcards

Hearing And Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What does the middle ear do?

A

Transforms acoustic energy from air to fluid

Acts as a sound amplifier

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2
Q

How does the middle ear accomplish its function

A

The tympanic membrane

Lever action of the ossicular chain (the middle ear bones)

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3
Q

What is otitis media with effusion also called?

A

Glue ear

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4
Q

What’s the physiological problem in glue ear?

A

The movement of the tympanic movement

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5
Q

S+S of otitis media

A

Conductive hearing loss

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6
Q

What is the impact on hearing of a small perforation

A

Variable

May not be a great impact

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7
Q

What’s the indication for repair of a perforation?

A

Recurrent infection

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8
Q

What is the maximal hearing loss that can occur due to a subtotal perforation?

A

If sensineural function is maintained, maximal heart g loss is 60dB

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9
Q

What causes otosclerosis?

A

Deposition of new bone in the footplate of where stapes fits in oval window
Reduces movement of stapes movement causing conductive hearing loss

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10
Q

Conductive vs sensorineural hearing loss

A

Conductive= something that stops the noise from going in. Damage in the outer or inner ear

Sensorineural=inner ear damage. Damage to the cochlea or the nerves which supply the special sense

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11
Q

Perilymph is high in ? And low in ?

A

High in potassium

Low in sodium

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12
Q

What is the Weber test a test of?

A

Lateralisation

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13
Q

In which ear will you hear the loudest in the Weber test?

A

The ear thats got the hearing loss

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14
Q

What does the Rhine test test?

A

Compares loudness of perceived air conduction to bone conduction

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15
Q

What does the colour red or a circle denote on audiometery?

A

Right

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16
Q

What does the colour blue or a cross denote on audiometery?

A

Left

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17
Q

How is bone conduction written in audiometry?

A

Open boxes

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18
Q

What does tympanography measure?

A

Measures the pressure within the middle ear and mobility of the eardrum

19
Q

How does tympanography work?

A

Pushes pressure into the canal which makes eardrum move back and forth

20
Q

What’re otoacoustic emissions (OAEs)?

A

Sounds given off by the inner ear when the cochlea is stimulated by sound

21
Q

What happens to the outer hair cells when sound stimulates the the cochlea?

A

They vibrate

22
Q

What do people with hearing loss not produce?

A

OAEs

23
Q

What is a bone anchored hearing aid?

A

Osseous integrated screw into skull
Microphone and amplifier clip onto an abutment or attach by magnet
Sound conducts through skull to cochlea

24
Q

Who would use a BAHA?

A

Those who’s anatomy makes it difficult to use a conventional hearing aid eg persistent otitis externa or EAC atresia

25
Q

What’s the utricle?

A

Serves as a base for 3 semi circular canals

Utricle is sensitive to horizontal acceleration

26
Q

What’s the saccule do?

A

Sensitive to vertical acceleration

27
Q

What’s the ampullae?

A

Expanded areas at the end of the semi circular canals

Contain the crista

28
Q

What’s the crista ampullaris?

A

Found in each one of the semi circular canals

3 pairs per ear in total

29
Q

What does the crista ampullaris sense?

A

Angular acceleration and rotation

30
Q

What is the stimulus for the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

Movement of the crista

31
Q

What is the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

The stabilisation of gaze by moving eyes in order to compensate for head and body movement
Fixes the image on the retina for clear sight

32
Q

Ix for BPPV?

A

Dix hallpike

33
Q

What is BPPV?

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

34
Q

What causes BPPV?

A

Loose otoconia move out of utricle into semicircular canals

When moving the head, the otoconia move in the canal and stimulate the cristae and provoke vertigo and nystagmus

35
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Rapid and involuntary movements of the eyes

36
Q

In which semicircular canal are otoconia most common?

A

Posterior

37
Q

Tx for BPPV?

A

Epley manoeuvre

38
Q

S+S of BPPV

A

Acute onset vertigo

Nausea and vomiting

39
Q

Is hearing loss common in BPPV?

A

Nope

40
Q

What does the histological evidence point to with BPPV?

A

Viral damage of vestibular nerve rather than the sensory cells of the labyrinth
Similar to Bell’s palsy

41
Q

What’s the classic triad of Ménière’s disease?

A

Vertigo
Tinnitus
Unilateral hearing loss

42
Q

What type of hearing loss is associated with meniere’s?

A

Unilateral sensorineural

43
Q

What can a migraine affect?

A

Balance

44
Q

How long does the vertigo associated with Ménière’s disease usually last for?

A

30 mins-24 hours

Head And Neck Year 2 (10 decks)

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