ENT Allergy Flashcards
Incidence of asthma in UK
9.4%
When did the rapid increase in the incidence of ETN allergies happen in the uk?
Rapid increases happened in the 60s
Which antibody is at fault?
IgE
RFs for allergy
Hereditary Race Age Alterations to infectious disease during childhood Environmental pollution Dietary changes Occupational
3 occupational allergens
Latex
Wood dust
Flour
What is urticaria?
Rash of round, red welts on skin which are itchy
What’s angioedema?
Swelling in the sub mucosa due to an allergic reaction
Example of URT allergy
Rhinitis
LRT allergy
Asthma
Systemic allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
Immediate S+S of allergic rhinitis
Sneezing
Itch
Nasal blockage
Rhinorrhea
What’s rhinorrhoea?
Nasal cavity filled with a significant amount of mucous
Late S+S in allergic rhinitis
Chronic obstruction
Hyposmia
Hyperreactivity
What’s hyposmia?
Reduced ability to smell
What’s sensitisation?
Plasma cells produce IgE
Bind to mast cells
What’s re-exposure?
Mast cells degranulate and release histamine, leukotrines, prostaglandins
Leads to vascular permeability, smooth muscle contractions
What causes the acute response?
Ag+ specific IgE
What causes the late phase response and when does it occur?
2-4 hours
Migration of other leukocytes eg neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages to original site
When does allergic rhinitis occur?
Inhalation of an allergen with a sensitised immune system
Tx for allergic rhinitis
Topical intranasal steriods Systemic steriods Antihistamines Sodium chromoglycate Allergen immunotherapy Anti IgE
What’re the 4 classications of ARIA
Intermittent
Mild
Persistent
Moderate-severe
What S+S makes a mild ARIA classification?
Symptoms less than 4 days a week or for less than 4 consecutive weeks
What does ARIA stand for?
Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma
What S+S make a persistent ARIA classification?
More than 4 days a week and more than 4 consecutive weeks
What S+S make a mild ARIA classification?
All of:
- normal sleep
- no impairment of daily activities
- no impairment of work and school
- symptoms present but not troublesome
S+S that make a moderate severe ARIA classification
One or more of:
- sleep disturbance
- impairment of daily activities
- impairment of school or work
- troublesome symptoms
