ENT Allergy

Question 1

Incidence of asthma in UK

Answer 1

9.4%

Question 2

When did the rapid increase in the incidence of ETN allergies happen in the uk?

Answer 2

Rapid increases happened in the 60s

Question 3

Which antibody is at fault?

Answer 3

IgE

Question 4

RFs for allergy

Answer 4

Hereditary
Race
Age
Alterations to infectious disease during childhood
Environmental pollution
Dietary changes
Occupational

Question 5

3 occupational allergens

Answer 5

Latex
Wood dust
Flour

Question 6

What is urticaria?

Answer 6

Rash of round, red welts on skin which are itchy

Question 7

What’s angioedema?

Answer 7

Swelling in the sub mucosa due to an allergic reaction

Question 8

Example of URT allergy

Answer 8

Rhinitis

Question 9

LRT allergy

Answer 9

Asthma

Question 10

Systemic allergic reaction

Answer 10

Anaphylaxis

Question 11

Immediate S+S of allergic rhinitis

Answer 11

Sneezing
Itch
Nasal blockage
Rhinorrhea

Question 12

What’s rhinorrhoea?

Answer 12

Nasal cavity filled with a significant amount of mucous

Question 13

Late S+S in allergic rhinitis

Answer 13

Chronic obstruction
Hyposmia
Hyperreactivity

Question 14

What’s hyposmia?

Answer 14

Reduced ability to smell

Question 15

What’s sensitisation?

Answer 15

Plasma cells produce IgE

Bind to mast cells

Question 16

What’s re-exposure?

Answer 16

Mast cells degranulate and release histamine, leukotrines, prostaglandins
Leads to vascular permeability, smooth muscle contractions

Question 17

What causes the acute response?

Answer 17

Ag+ specific IgE

Question 18

What causes the late phase response and when does it occur?

Answer 18

2-4 hours

Migration of other leukocytes eg neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages to original site

Question 19

When does allergic rhinitis occur?

Answer 19

Inhalation of an allergen with a sensitised immune system

Question 20

Tx for allergic rhinitis

Answer 20

Topical intranasal steriods
Systemic steriods
Antihistamines
Sodium chromoglycate
Allergen immunotherapy 
Anti IgE

Question 21

What’re the 4 classications of ARIA

Answer 21

Intermittent
Mild
Persistent
Moderate-severe

Question 22

What S+S makes a mild ARIA classification?

Answer 22

Symptoms less than 4 days a week or for less than 4 consecutive weeks

Question 23

What does ARIA stand for?

Answer 23

Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma

Question 24

What S+S make a persistent ARIA classification?

Answer 24

More than 4 days a week and more than 4 consecutive weeks

Question 25

What S+S make a mild ARIA classification?

Answer 25

All of:

• normal sleep
• no impairment of daily activities
• no impairment of work and school
• symptoms present but not troublesome

Question 26

S+S that make a moderate severe ARIA classification

Answer 26

One or more of:

• sleep disturbance
• impairment of daily activities
• impairment of school or work
• troublesome symptoms