Rhinitis

Question 1

Rhinitis =

Answer 1

acute/chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa

causes rhinnorhea, sneeze, itch, congestion and obstruction (cavernous sinusoids dilate with blood)

Question 2

Allergic rhinitis 3 forms

Answer 2

seasonal (SAR) perennial (PAR) episodic

Question 3

Immune cells involved in early response of allergic rhinitis

Answer 3

mast cells and basophils

release histamine cysLTs tryptase and prostaglandins

Question 4

Immune cells involved in delayed response of allergic rhinitis

Answer 4

T and B and eosino

affect nasal mucosa = congestion and obstruction

Question 5

Causes of non-allergic rhinitis

Answer 5

infectious, hormonal, vasomotor/idiopathic, drug, NARES (non-allergic with eosinophilia syndrome)

Question 6

Treatments for rhinitis

Answer 6

glucocorticoids
H1 receptor antagonists
Muscarinic receptor antagonists
Sodium cromoglicate
CysLt1 receptor antagonist
Vasoconstrictors - a1 agonists

Question 7

Glucocorticoids used in rhinitis and in which types of rhinits

Answer 7

beclomethasone, fluticasone - nasal spray or PO

SAR PAR NARES vasomotor

Question 8

H1 receptor antagonists for ___ rhinitis eg.s

Answer 8

allergic
2nd gen (no sedation) = loratidine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, azelastine - nasospray

Question 9

Muscarinic antagonists used in ___rhinitis eg.

Answer 9

PAR SAR - reduce rhinnorhea

ipratropium

Question 10

CysLt1 antagonists used in ___ rhinitis eg.

Answer 10

allergic

PO montelukast - may be synergistic if w H1 antagonist

Question 11

vasoconstrictor/a1 agonist in ___ rhinitis eg.

Problem =

Answer 11

allergic
oxymetazoline - intranasal
no long term use as desensitise and rebound congestion