Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

JazRespiratory > Pneumonia and Respiratory Tract infections > Flashcards

Pneumonia and Respiratory Tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics for mild CAP

A

amoxicillin PO 7 days (doxycycline if allergic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antibiotics for severe CAP

A

IV amoxicillin and clarithromycin 10 days (doxycycline PO if allergic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antibiotics for severe HAP

A

IV amoxicillin, metronidazole and gentamycin then step down to co-amox - total = 7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antibiotics for non-severe HAP

A

amoxicillin and metronidazole 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Buzzword: Rusty coloured sputum

A

Pneumoococcal pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Buzzword: Red Jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Buzzword: mucoid sputum

A

chlamydia psittaci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Patient: Been abroad and now has GI symptoms

A

Legionella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

On CXR - R heart border is obscured but diaphragm border visible

A

R middle lobe pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

On CXR - L heart border obscured

A

Lingular pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Displaced L oblique fissure, sail sign, translucency in upper L zone

A

Left lower lobe collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Displaced R horizontal fissure upwards, R hemidiaphragm raised, Golden S sign or smooth arc

A

R upper lobe collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Veil-like opacity of left lung on CXR, oblique fissure pulled anteriorly

A

L upper lobe collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

R heart border obscured and R hemidiaphragm raised, mediastinal shift to the R

A

right middle lobe collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diffuse R lung opacification, mediastinal shift to the R, bronchial cut off sign

A

Right lung collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

URTIs =

A

coryza, pharyngitis, sinusitis, epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LRTIs =

A

acute bronchitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, empyema, flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Coryza =

A

acute viral infection of nasal passages often w fever and sore throat
droplet/fomite spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cause of coryza

A

adenovirus, rhinovirus, RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

coryza can lead to

A

sinusitis, acute bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sinusitis =

A

preceeded by coryza
purulent nasal discharge, resolves in 10 days
most are viral, some bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

complication of tonsilitis =

A

quinsy - abscess between tonsil and throat wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

diphtheria causes a ____ to form

A

pseudomembrane across the back of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

epiglottitis is caused by ____

Comonest in ___

A

H. influenzae

Children - obstructs quickly - can be fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

acute bronchitis signs:

A

preceeded by coryza
productive cough, transient wheeze, normal chest exam and CXR
self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Virus that causes glandular fever

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Management of acute exacerbation of COPD =

A 
iSOAP
ipratropium
salbutamol
Oxygen
Amoxicillin - short course
Prednisolone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Investigations if suspected pneumonia

A

Blood culture, FBC, ABG, UandEs, LFTs, CXR, serology

29
Q

Score to measure severity of pneumonia

A

CURB65

30
Q

Causes of influenza

A

Primary = influenza A/B virus
parainfluenza virus
Secondary = H. influenzae

31
Q

Give antivirals in flue when

A

It is circulating, is an at risk group, early in disease or prophylactically
eg. osletamivir, zanamivir

32
Q

Killed flu vaccine contains

A

2A and 1B virus give to at risk adults, health care workers and at risk kids 6m to 2yos

33
Q

Live attenuated flu vaccine is more effective for ___ yos

A

2-17yos

34
Q

Qfever organism

A

Coxiella burnetti from sheep

35
Q

Bronchiolitis occurs in ages ___

A

1-2yo

36
Q

Bronchiolitis signs:

A

fever, coryza, cough, wheeze, GRUNTING, STERNAL COSTAL INDRAWING

37
Q

Main cause of bronchiolitis =

A

RSV

38
Q

2nd commonest cause of bronchiolitis, most kids have Ig against it by 5yo

A

metapneumovirus

39
Q

Epiglottitis signs:

A

sore throat, drooling, pyrexia, severe cough/stridor acute onset

40
Q

treatment for epiglottitis

A

ceftriaxone

41
Q

Defences against URTI in nasopharynx

A

IgA, nasal hairs, cilia

42
Q

Defences against URTI in oropharynx

A

saliva, sloughing, cough reflex

43
Q

For epiglottitis how do you confirm the organism?

A

Blood culture

NOT SWAB -IRRITATES MORE

44
Q

Defences against URTI in conducting airways

A

mucociliary escalator, cough, AMPs, cellular and humoral immunity

45
Q

COPD exacerbation organisms

A

H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, gram -ves

46
Q

CF infection organisms

A

S. aureus, H. influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Burkholderia cepacia - only seen in CF and HIV

47
Q

Pertussis =

Presents like ____

A

whooping cough - acute tracheobronchitis

Coryza-like, paroxysmal cough, violent expirations with inspiratory whoop, vomiting

48
Q

Organism that causes whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

pernasal swab and PCR/culture to confirm

49
Q

Defences against URTI in lungs

A

Surfactant, IgA, complement, FFA, AMPs, macro, neutro

50
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia

A

bacteria

Pneumococcus Pneumoniae

51
Q

legionella pneumonia infection characteristics

A

contaminated water
confusion, sever pneumonia, acute renal failure, GI symptoms
deranged LFTs

52
Q

Fungal cause of pneumonia in AIDS

A

PCP - pneumocystis pneumonia

fever and dry cough

53
Q

Treatment of PCP pneumonia

A

co-trimoxazole

54
Q

Immunocompromised get infected with this fungus

A

Aspergillus

55
Q

tb is caused by ___

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

56
Q

Viruses that can cause pneumonia

A

influenza, parainfluenza, measles, varicella-zoster, RSV

57
Q

Bronchopneumonia occurs when ___

Most commonly seen in ____

A

airway infection spreads to adjacent alveolar lung

elderly, young, CHD, cancer COPD, aspiration, viral causes

58
Q

Bronchiectasis caused by

A

fixed-scarring post infection

CF can get it

59
Q

Kartagener’s Syndrome (primary) or Youngs (2ndry)

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesias

60
Q

Organisms that cause intrapulmonary abscess

A

strep., staph., E. coli, gram -ves, aspergillus

61
Q

Empyema sign on CXR:

A

D sign

62
Q

treat empyema by:

A

IV amoxicillin and metronidazole

63
Q

CXR sign of bronchiectasis

A

signet ring sign - bronchi larger than pulmonary artery

64
Q

Bronchiectasis exacerbation treatment

A

low dose macrolides - erythro-/clarithro-/azithromycin

65
Q

Chronic bronchial sepsis common in who?
Signs on CXR
Diagnosis

A

younger, women, work in childcare
NO CXR signs
+ve sputum

66
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia affects ______

Treat with ___

A

young and asthmatics

macrolides and fluoroquinolones

67
Q

H. influenza occurs in ____

A

childcare workers

COPD

68
Q

PWID RTIs organism

A

S aureus - septic emboli from DVT

69
Q

Treatment for PCP

A

High dose septrin

JazRespiratory (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions