Haematology Flashcards
IDA causes ____ anaemia
microcytic (so does chronic little blood loss
small RBCs
Stored iron is measured by serum ____
ferritin
macrocytic anaemia causes=
vitamin B12 or folate deficiency - MCV increased
normocytic anaemia causes=
acute blood loss, chronic inlammation/infection
causes of macrocytic RBCs w/o anaemia
alcoholism, liver disease, hypothyroidism
Causes of a raised Hb concentration =
dehydration, hypoxic drive(COPD)
age
erythropoeitin secreting tumours
Causes of raised neutrophils
acute infection/inflammation, trauma or infarction
steroids
causes of raised eosinophils
parasite/allergy
causes of raised basophils
hypersensitivity
causes of raised monocytes
chronic infection
malignancy
AI
causes of raised lymphocytes
viral infection
Primary haemostasis =
platelets adhere and agglutinate
causes of low platelets =
liver disease, acute blood loss, coagulopathy, drug induced, AI
causes of high platelets =
acute blood loss, Fe deficiency, inflammation, malignancy
Secondary haemostasis =
Fibrin clot formation - coagulation cascade
2 pathways of coagulation cascade activation
Prothrombin time- TF/VII activated -> V/X -> thrombin -> fibrin
Activated partial thromboplastin time - VIII/IX activated -> V/X …
VIII deficiency =
antihaemophic
IX deficiency =
Christmas disease
Increased ___ suggests increased fibrinolysis
D-dimers
Breaks down plasminogen into plasmin
tPA - tissue plasminogen activator
1st step of fibrinolysis
plasmin function
fibrin -> FDPs (fibrin degradation products including D-dimers)
