Respiratory disease in childhood

Question 1

NRDS is common in ______

due to ___

Answer 1

premature babies

deficiency of surfactant => atelectasis

Question 2

Surfactant is secreted by the lungs at around ____ gestation

Answer 2

30/32-40 wks

Question 3

Common in babies that are ventilated, IPPV and CPAP

Risk factor = NRDS

Answer 3

pneumothorax (due to stiff lungs of NRDS increases risk)

Question 4

Chronic lung disease after NRDS resolves after

Answer 4

2-3 yrs

Question 5

posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia =

Answer 5

Bochdalek hernia

Question 6

Commonest diaphragmatic herniae that present in full term babies as severe breathing difficulty

Answer 6

Bochdalek(posterolateral) and left sided

Question 7

croup =

Answer 7

viral laryngotracheobronchitis
adenovirus, RSV, parainfluenza virus
Stridor and barking cough
Give oral steroids

Question 8

Genetic mutation in CF

Answer 8

Chromosome 7 for △F508 deletion

autosomal recessive

Question 9

CF signs and symptoms:

Answer 9

salty sweat, fibrosed pancreas, intestinal blockage, steatorrhoea, FtT, bilateral abscence of vas deferens
nose polyps, cardiomegaly

Question 10

Management of CF

Answer 10

If colonised with S. aureus and pseudomonas = antibiotics prophylactically
CREON - to absorb E (for exocrine panc. deficiency)
Anual OGTT + CGMS and insulin - endocrine panc deficiency
Laxido, gastrograffin and fluids to prevent bowel obstruction
TIPSS if portal hypertension