Anatomy

Question 1

Larynx to trachea and pharynx to oeso =

Answer 1

C6

Question 2

isthmus of thyroid position

Answer 2

C7 - anterior to tracheal cartilages 2, 3 + 4

Question 3

the left lung only has a/an ____ fissure

Answer 3

oblique

Question 4

Level of the horizontal fissure

Answer 4

Follows right rib 4

Question 5

level of oblique fissures

Answer 5

anteriorly - rib 6 - rises to:

posteriorly -T3

Question 6

external intercostal muscles point

Answer 6

in and down (eg. hands in pockets)

Question 7

blood vessels that lie ant. to vertebral collumn and supply posterior intercostal spaces

Answer 7

azygous vein and thoracic aorta

Question 8

blood vessels that lie on either side of the sternum

Answer 8

2 bundles of (2thoracic veins and 1 thoracic artery)

Question 9

Diaphragm attachments

Answer 9

sternum
lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages
L1-3 vertebral bodies

Question 10

caval opening contains ___ and passes through diaphragm at ____

Answer 10

IVC and phrenic nerve

T8

Question 11

Blood supply to the breast (2 1/2s)

Answer 11

lateral half (subclavian a +v)
medial half (internal thoracic a+v)

Question 12

lymph drainage of breasts

Answer 12

lateral half = axillary nodes

medial half = parasternal nodes

Question 13

scalenus anterior attachments

Answer 13

cervical vertebrae to rib 1

Question 14

lies in the delto-pectoral groove

Answer 14

cephalic vein

Question 15

pectoralis major attachments

Answer 15

clavicle and sternum/costal cartilages

lateral side of intertubercle groove of humerus

Question 16

serratus anterior attachments

Answer 16

medial border of scapula

ribs 1-8

Question 17

nerve that supplies serratus anterior

Answer 17

long thoracic nerve from brachial plexus

Question 18

Situs inversus =

Answer 18

all organs on other side of body that where should be

Question 19

metachronous cancers

Answer 19

multiple primary cancers developing at intervals

Question 20

synchronous cancers

Answer 20

multiple primary cancers occurring at same time

Question 21

IPF looks like _____ on CXR

Answer 21

honeycomb

Question 22

Peripheral tumour characteristics

Answer 22

past hilum, usually spherical or oval, rarely visible on CXR

Question 23

Central tumour characteristics on CXR

Answer 23

arise at/near hilum =>

hilar enlargement, distal collapse/consolidation

Question 24

Standard erect CXR is ___ taken on ____

Answer 24

PA - full inspiration

Question 25

What 3 factors show if CXR is technically adequate

Answer 25

Penetration, inspiration, rotation

Question 26

What is the sign of adequate inspiration on a CXR

Answer 26

at least 6 ribs visible

Question 27

Sensory receptors in cough reflex

Answer 27

CNIX oropharynx mucosa CNX - laryngopharynx and larynx mucosa pulmonary plexus (ant. surface of bifurcation of trachea)

Question 28

CNs involved in sensory fibres in sneezing

Answer 28

`IX in oropharynx | V in nasal cavity

Question 29

Pulmonary plexus contains ____ | Goes to ___

Answer 29

para and symp efferent axons and pulmonary visceral afferents from visceral pleura and respiratory tree CNX in carotid sheath

Question 30

CNS coordination of cough occurs in the

Answer 30

medulla

Question 31

3 stages coordinated in the cough reflex

Answer 31

deep inspiration closure of rima glottidis contraction of anterolateral abdo wall muscles by intercostal nerves

Question 32

deep inspiration in cough reflex involves

Answer 32

Diaphragm down by phrenic nerve intercostals forcefully contract by intercostal nerves Accessory muscles of inspiration involved

Question 33

closure of rima glottidis in cough reflex is by ___

Answer 33

intrinsic muscles of larynxmove cartilages -> adduct vocal cords - supplied by somatic motor branches of CNX

Question 34

External obliques attach to

Answer 34

superior aspects of lower ribs and anterior part of ilac crest and pubic tubercle. Linea semilunaris = muscle fibres end and aponeurosis meets. Hands in pockets direction.

Question 35

Internal obliques attach to

Answer 35

inf border of lower ribs, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia of lower back. Down and back direction.

Question 36

Transversus abdominus attach

Answer 36

deep aspects of lower ribs, iliac crest and thoracolumbar at back. Deep to int obliques. Back to front direction.

Question 37

Rectus abdominus

Answer 37

2 long flat muscles divided into 3/4 quadrate muscles.

Question 38

Anterolateral abdo wall muscles are supplied by

Answer 38

7-11th intercostal nerves -> thoracoabdominal nerves Subcostal =T12 ant. rami Iliohypogastric = 1/2 L1 ant. rami Ilioinguinal = 1/2 L1 ant rami

Question 39

Aspiration is more likely to occur down ___ bronchus as it is _______

Answer 39

the right main bronchus | shorter, more vertical and greater in diameter

Question 40

Chronic consequences of cough =

Answer 40

pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, herniae

Question 41

Management of a large pneumothorax =

Answer 41

needle aspiration (thoracocentesis) or chest drain in 4th or 5th intercostal space midaxillary line

Question 42

Management of tension pneumothorax

Answer 42

emergency placement of large gauge cannula into 2nd/3rd intercostal space midclavicular line

Question 43

Paraoesophageal hiatus hernia characteristics

Answer 43

fundus of stomach parallel to oesophagus in the chest | GOJ in same place

Question 44

Sliding hiatus hernia characteristics

Answer 44

stomach follows oesophagus into chest | GOJ above diaphragm

Question 45

Inguinal hernia forms between ____

Answer 45

ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 46

Direct inguinal hernia is through ____ | Push in and ask to cough and it ___

Answer 46

posterior wall of inguinal canal and through superficial ring comes back out

Question 47

Indirect inguinal hernia is through ____ | Push in and ask to cough and it ____

Answer 47

deep ring -> sup. ring may -> scrotum | stays in

Question 48

Processus vaginalis =

Answer 48

outpouch of parietal peritoneum that grows beside testes

Question 49

Testes originate

Answer 49

between the parietal pleura and transversalis fascia

Question 50

Testes pass through___

Answer 50

transversalis fascia (deep ring), internal oblique (cremasteric fascia), sup. ring/ defect in ext. oblique apo, ext oblique apo. (external spermatic fascia) and scrotal skin

Question 51

nerve inside the inguinal canal

Answer 51

ilioinguinal nerve