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JazRespiratory > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx to trachea and pharynx to oeso =

A

C6

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2
Q

isthmus of thyroid position

A

C7 - anterior to tracheal cartilages 2, 3 + 4

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3
Q

the left lung only has a/an ____ fissure

A

oblique

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4
Q

Level of the horizontal fissure

A

Follows right rib 4

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5
Q

level of oblique fissures

A

anteriorly - rib 6 - rises to:

posteriorly -T3

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6
Q

external intercostal muscles point

A

in and down (eg. hands in pockets)

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7
Q

blood vessels that lie ant. to vertebral collumn and supply posterior intercostal spaces

A

azygous vein and thoracic aorta

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8
Q

blood vessels that lie on either side of the sternum

A

2 bundles of (2thoracic veins and 1 thoracic artery)

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9
Q

Diaphragm attachments

A

sternum
lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages
L1-3 vertebral bodies

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10
Q

caval opening contains ___ and passes through diaphragm at ____

A

IVC and phrenic nerve

T8

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11
Q

Blood supply to the breast (2 1/2s)

A 
lateral half (subclavian a +v)
medial half (internal thoracic a+v)
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12
Q

lymph drainage of breasts

A

lateral half = axillary nodes

medial half = parasternal nodes

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13
Q

scalenus anterior attachments

A

cervical vertebrae to rib 1

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14
Q

lies in the delto-pectoral groove

A

cephalic vein

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15
Q

pectoralis major attachments

A

clavicle and sternum/costal cartilages

lateral side of intertubercle groove of humerus

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16
Q

serratus anterior attachments

A

medial border of scapula

ribs 1-8

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17
Q

nerve that supplies serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve from brachial plexus

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18
Q

Situs inversus =

A

all organs on other side of body that where should be

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19
Q

metachronous cancers

A

multiple primary cancers developing at intervals

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20
Q

synchronous cancers

A

multiple primary cancers occurring at same time

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21
Q

IPF looks like _____ on CXR

A

honeycomb

22
Q

Peripheral tumour characteristics

A

past hilum, usually spherical or oval, rarely visible on CXR

23
Q

Central tumour characteristics on CXR

A

arise at/near hilum =>

hilar enlargement, distal collapse/consolidation

24
Q

Standard erect CXR is ___ taken on ____

A

PA - full inspiration

25
Q

What 3 factors show if CXR is technically adequate

A

Penetration, inspiration, rotation

26
Q

What is the sign of adequate inspiration on a CXR

A

at least 6 ribs visible

27
Q

Sensory receptors in cough reflex

A

CNIX oropharynx mucosa
CNX - laryngopharynx and larynx mucosa
pulmonary plexus (ant. surface of bifurcation of trachea)

28
Q

CNs involved in sensory fibres in sneezing

A

`IX in oropharynx

V in nasal cavity

29
Q

Pulmonary plexus contains ____

Goes to ___

A

para and symp efferent axons and pulmonary visceral afferents from visceral pleura and respiratory tree
CNX in carotid sheath

30
Q

CNS coordination of cough occurs in the

A

medulla

31
Q

3 stages coordinated in the cough reflex

A

deep inspiration
closure of rima glottidis
contraction of anterolateral abdo wall muscles by intercostal nerves

32
Q

deep inspiration in cough reflex involves

A

Diaphragm down by phrenic nerve
intercostals forcefully contract by intercostal nerves
Accessory muscles of inspiration involved

33
Q

closure of rima glottidis in cough reflex is by ___

A

intrinsic muscles of larynxmove cartilages -> adduct vocal cords - supplied by somatic motor branches of CNX

34
Q

External obliques attach to

A

superior aspects of lower ribs and anterior part of ilac crest and pubic tubercle. Linea semilunaris = muscle fibres end and aponeurosis meets. Hands in pockets direction.

35
Q

Internal obliques attach to

A

inf border of lower ribs, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia of lower back. Down and back direction.

36
Q

Transversus abdominus attach

A

deep aspects of lower ribs, iliac crest and thoracolumbar at back. Deep to int obliques. Back to front direction.

37
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

2 long flat muscles divided into 3/4 quadrate muscles.

38
Q

Anterolateral abdo wall muscles are supplied by

A

7-11th intercostal nerves -> thoracoabdominal nerves
Subcostal =T12 ant. rami
Iliohypogastric = 1/2 L1 ant. rami
Ilioinguinal = 1/2 L1 ant rami

39
Q

Aspiration is more likely to occur down ___ bronchus as it is _______

A

the right main bronchus

shorter, more vertical and greater in diameter

40
Q

Chronic consequences of cough =

A

pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, herniae

41
Q

Management of a large pneumothorax =

A

needle aspiration (thoracocentesis) or chest drain in 4th or 5th intercostal space midaxillary line

42
Q

Management of tension pneumothorax

A

emergency placement of large gauge cannula into 2nd/3rd intercostal space midclavicular line

43
Q

Paraoesophageal hiatus hernia characteristics

A

fundus of stomach parallel to oesophagus in the chest

GOJ in same place

44
Q

Sliding hiatus hernia characteristics

A

stomach follows oesophagus into chest

GOJ above diaphragm

45
Q

Inguinal hernia forms between ____

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

46
Q

Direct inguinal hernia is through ____

Push in and ask to cough and it ___

A

posterior wall of inguinal canal and through superficial ring
comes back out

47
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia is through ____

Push in and ask to cough and it ____

A

deep ring -> sup. ring may -> scrotum

stays in

48
Q

Processus vaginalis =

A

outpouch of parietal peritoneum that grows beside testes

49
Q

Testes originate

A

between the parietal pleura and transversalis fascia

50
Q

Testes pass through___

A

transversalis fascia (deep ring), internal oblique (cremasteric fascia), sup. ring/ defect in ext. oblique apo, ext oblique apo. (external spermatic fascia) and scrotal skin

51
Q

nerve inside the inguinal canal

A

ilioinguinal nerve

JazRespiratory (18 decks)

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