Revision notes: 9. Microbiology Flashcards
Examples of gram negative bacteria
Clostridium Corynebacterium Listeria Bacillus Actinomycetes
Gram negative bacilli examples
Haemophilus Klebsiella Legionella Pseudomonas E. Coli Proteus Helicobacter Salmonella Campylobacter
Group B strep conditions?
Chorioamnionitis
Neonatal sepsis
Endometritis
Group A strep otherwise known as
Strep pyogenes
What is maternal carriage percentage of GBS
20-35%
Neonatal mortality from early onset GBS
6%
Definition of prolonged rupture of membranes at term
> 18 hours
Fetal mortality rate from Listeriosis
50%
Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea
Either:
1g IM Ceftriaxone single dose
OR
Spectinomycin 2g IM single dose (excreted in breast milk - caution)
OR
Azithromycin 2g oral single dose
Follow up after gonorrhoea treatment
Test of cure 3 days after treatment
Gonorrhoea complications
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
Neonatal vaginitis
Disseminated gonococcal disease
Amsel criteria for diagnosis of BV
Vaginal discharge
Clue cells
pH >4.5
Fishy odour with alkali on a wet mount (whiff test)
Treatment of BV
Metronidazole 400mg BD 7 days
Features of secondary syphilis
Symmetrical non-itchy rash on trunk
Condylomata latum
Tertiary syphilis features
Gummas
Neurosyphilis - tabes dorsalis, generalised paresis of the insane, Argyll robertson pupil
De Musset’s sign (from syphilitic aortitis)
Chlamydia trachomatis is what type of organism
obligate intracellular gram negative organism
Test of cure in chlamydia?
Only in pregnant or breast-feeding women
Chlamydia treatment
Amoxicillin 500mg TDS 7 days
Or
Erythromycin 500mg BD 14 days
What causes type 2 nec fasc
Group A strep
what is fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome
RUQ pain, perihepatitis, PID
complications of PID
Ectopic pregnancy
Tubal infertility (12%, 20%, 50% after 3rd episode)
Fitz-hugh-curtis
Chronic pelvic pain
OP treatment of PID
Oral ofloxacin 400mg BD AND metronidazole 400mg BD 14 days
OR
IM ceftriaxone 250mg or IM cefoxitin 2g STAT with oral probenecid 1g, followed by doxy 100mg BD and metronidazole 400mg BD for 14 days
IV treatment of PID
IV cefoxitin 2g TDS AND IV doxy 100mg BD
followed by oral doxy 100mg BD + metro 400mg BD for total of 14 days
Triad of Reiter’s syndrome
Urethritis
Arthritis
Uveitis
Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis
Wet prep
PCR
Culture
congenital defects associated with CMV
Sensorineural hearing loss Retinitis Hepatosplenomegaly Cerebral palsy Intrauterine FGR Microcephaly
Treatment of maternal varicella infection
Aciclovir
Parvovirus B19 otherwise known as
Slapped cheek syndrome
Fifth disease
Erythema infectiosum
Causes hydrops fetalis in 3%
HPV alpha subtypes inducing malignant changes
16, 18, 31, 33, 45
What stage of syphilis are gummas seen
Tertiary
Which chlamydia subtype causes lymphogranuloma venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3
Which Immunoglobulin crosses the placenta
IgG
What type of fungus is candida albicans
Yeast-like
Condylomata latum occur at what syphilis stage
Secondary
Quadrivalent HPV vaccine - which subtypes
6, 11, 16, 18
In which cells does CMV lie dormant?
Monocytes
Which organisms contain ribosomes, do not have a rigid cell wall but cannot be grown on inanimate culture?
Chlamydia
What is the incubation period for varicella infection?
10-20 days
Which pathogen is commonly responsible for cellulitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Which organism is associated with clue cells?
Gardnerella vaginalis
A pregnant woman is diagnosed with toxoplasmosis.
What is the drug of choice for reducing the risk of fetal infection?
Spiramycin
A 30-year-old woman presents to the antenatal clinic after a visit to her home country in Africa. She is suffering from flu-like symptoms, myalgia and her posterior cervical lymph nodes are found to be enlarged. Her temperature is 38.4°C
Toxoplasmosis
WCC, ESR and CRP usually normal
A 29-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant presents to the delivery suite in labour. Her previous child was affected by group B streptococcus (GBS) infection. She is allergic to penicillin.
Which antibiotic should be prescribed for her as a prophylaxis for GBS?
Clindamycin
MRSA infections may respond to which antibiotic?
Vancomycin
What is the incubation period of rubella?
13-20 days
A pregnant woman at 18 weeks of gestation presents with bloody diarrhoea. Stool microscopy and culture identifies Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rods.
Which organism is most likely to be responsible?
Salmonella
In genito-urinary medicine clinics, a technique where the microscope condenser causes the
bacteria to appear brightly lit is especially useful for visualising very thin organisms such as
treponema pallidum.
Which microscopic technique fits this description?
Darkfield microscopy
Treatment of asymptomatic non-pregnant woman with incidental finding of BV
No treatment
Herpes transmission rate during delivery with primary genital lesions present
41%
VDRL test positive other than syphilis?
Yaws
Bejel
Pinta
What is trichomonas vaginalis
An anaerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, an STI causing fishy smelling vaginal discharge, genital itching and painful urination
Treatment: metro 400mg BD 7 days
glycopeptide mechanism of action e.g. vancomycin
cell wall synthesis inhibition
Ciprofloxacin mechanism of action
Interferes with DNA replication
