Revision notes: 3. Anatomy Flashcards
Structures at trans-pyloric plane of Addison (L1)
Pancreatic neck
duodenojejunal flexure
gall bladder fundus
9th costal cartilage
renal hilum
What level does aorta bifurcate
L4
Position of umbilicus
L3-L5
McBurney’s point
2/3rds of the way laterally between umbilicus and ASIS
Name for lateral border of rectus abdominis
Linea semilunaris
Palmer’s point
2/3rds laterally between umbilicus and point of intersection between costal margin of LEFT 9th rib and LEFT midclavicular line
Arcuate line aka semicircular line of douglas
1.3rd distance pubic crest to umbilicus
Posterior to rectus abdominis muscle
Clinical significance: site of weakness in the abdominal wall
The fusion of the abdominal wall muscle aponeuroses is called
Linea alba
xiphoid to pubic symphysis
Blood supply of anterior abdominal wall
Inferior epigastric vessels
Innervation of rectus abdominis
thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)
Three arteries within spermatic cord
Testicular
Vas
Cremasteric
Three nerves in spermatic cord
Ilioinguinal
Cremasteric
Sympathetic
Ligamentum teres is remnant of?
umbilical vein
Boundaries of the pelvic outlet
pubic arch (ischiopubic rami)
2 * sciatic notch
coccyx
Sensory innervation to scrotum/labia
ilioinguinal nerve
branches of the pudendal nerve
inferior anal nerve
perineal nerve
dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
Ligament that connects uterus to labia majora
round ligaments
stretch during pregnancy causing groin pain
Which artery exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and re-enters via the lesser sciatic foramen?
Internal Pudendal artery
contents of the broad ligament (5)
Fallopian tubes
Ovarian artery
Uterine artery
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament of uterus
testicular cell type secreting testosterone
Leydig cells
testicular cell type secreting inhibin
Sertoli cells
juxtaglomerular cells secrete
renin
The lesser omentum is divided into 4 ligaments. These are?
Hepatogastric
hepatoduodenal
hepatophrenic
hepato-oesophageal
Contents of Glisson’s capsule (free border of lesser omentum)
portal vein
common bile duct
hepatic artery
The greater omentum is divided into 4 ligaments. These are:
gastrocolic
gastrosplenic
gastrophrenic
splenorenal
Endopelvic fascia gives rise to three sets of ligaments
cardinal ligaments
uterosacral ligaments
pubocervical ligaments
They are lengthened in pelvic floor prolapse
The pelvic diaphragm is made up of which 2 muscles
levator ani
coccygeus muscle
Deep perineal pouch contents
external urethral sphincter
Deep transverse perineal muscle
bulbourethral glands
superficial perineal pouch contents
superficial perineal muscles
bulbospongiosus
ischiocavernosus
bartholin’s glands
crura of clitoris
Pepsin is secreted from
body of stomach
gastrin is secreted from
pyloric antrum
Branches of the coeliac axis
left gastric artery
splenic artery
hepatic artery
valvulae conniventes
small bowel
taenia coli
large bowel
Innervation of internal urethral sphincter
autonomic sympathetic control from inferior hypogastric plexus
innervation of external urethral sphincter
perineal branch of pudendal nerve
what is red degeneration of fibroid
fibroid outgrowing blood supply –> haemorrhagic infarction
USS will show localised fluid collection (blood) within fibroid
anatomy of pudendal nerve
Gives off three branches:
inferior anal
perineal
dorsal nerve of clitoris
Levitator Ani is composed of 3 muscles:
puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeal.
Blood supply to levator ani
inferior gluteal artery
Grades of perineal tear
Referred pain from uterine contraction: dermatome?
Labour pain is typically referred to T11 & T12 dermatomes in the early stage of labour
Which two nerves provide primary cutaneous sensory innervation to labia majora
Ilioinguinal
Pudendal (–> perineal nerve –> posterior labial nerves)
What are the three parts of the male urethra
Prostatic
Membranous (shortest, narrowest, contains external sphincter and bulbourethral glands drain into it
Spongy (i.e. penile/cavernous part)
Internal anal sphincter innervation
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S4)
Lymph drainage of cervix
External iliac lymph nodes, ultimately para-aortic nodes
Ilioinguinal nerve - nerve root
L1
Sympathetic nerve supply to the uterus
T10-L1
Lymph drainage of
1: scrotum
2. testicles
Scrotum - superficial inguinal nodes
Testes - lumbar and para-aortic nodes
Ovaries - venous drainage
LEFT ovarian vein - drains into left renal vein
RIGHT ovarian vein - drains into IVC
Venous drainage of the gut
Important to note
Inferior mesenteric vein drains into splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein drains into hepatic portal vein
Autonomic supply to ureters
T11 - L2
Explains loin to groin pain!!
MEDIAL umbilical ligament is remnant of what structure
Fetal umbilical arteries
MEDIAN umbilical ligament is remnant of what?
Urachus - foetal canal that drains urinary bladder via umbilicus
Superior border of superficial pouch
Perineal membrane
contents of the femoral triangle
femoral sheath
nerve
artery
vein inc SFJ
Deep inguinal lymph nodes & lymphatics
lymph drainage of cervix
external iliac nodes
Ilioinguinal nerve - spinal segment
L1
lymph drainage of ovaries
lateral aortic and pre-aortic nodes
Which three muscles form the superficial muscles of the perineum
bulbospongiosus
superficial transverse perineal
ischiocavernous
Sympathetic nerve supply to uterus
T10 - L1
The ureters receive autonomic supply from which spinal segments?
T11 - L2
Aorta enters the abdomen at level of
T12
appendicular artery is branch of
Posterior caecal artery
IVC pierces central tendon of diaphragm at level
T10
Renal colic - stone location on plain film xray is most likely at level of
Pelvic brim
What level does ovarian artery branch off descending aorta
L1
What structures exist within the superficial peroneal pouch
Contains the structures forming the root of the clitoris:
the bulb of the vestibule
bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles;
superficial transverse perineal muscle with their nerve supply (perineal branch of the pudendal nerve), blood supply (branches of the internal pudendal artery)
perineal body
The superficial perineal pouch is seperated from the deep perineal pouch by the inferior fascial layer of the urogenital diaphragm.
Bladder relaxation - storage - nerve
Bladder voiding - nerve
Sympathetic L1 L2
Parasympathetic S2-S4 detrusor
Malleus and Incus of the middle ear are derived from which arch
Mesoderm of first pharyngeal arch
