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001 Respiratory Therapy > Review Questions > Flashcards

Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The oxygen electrode in a blood gas machine

  1. Is a Severinghaus
  2. Is a polargraphic analyzer
  3. Is called a Kent
  4. A and B
  5. B and C
A

Is a polargraphic analyzer

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2
Q

Obstructive lung disorders

  1. Are associated with increased pulmonary compliance
  2. Are always intrinsic in nature
  3. Often present with lower expiratory flows on PFTs
  4. Will have a ground glass appearance on xray
A
  1. Often present with lower expiratory flows on PFTs
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3
Q

Non-maleficence

  1. Means “do no harm”
  2. In health care refers to balancing good with bad effects
  3. Is linked to the diagnosis
  4. All of the above
  5. A and b only
A

A and b only

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4
Q

Compensation for a decreased supply of oxygen to the tissue includes

  1. Increased cardiac output
  2. Decreased extraction
  3. Increased aerobic metabolism
  4. All of the above
  5. A and b only
A
  1. Increased cardiac output
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5
Q

Starlings law of capillaries states that:

  1. The volume of the fluid and solutes reabsorbed is normally nearly as large as the volume filtered
  2. The volume of fluid and solutes reabsorbed is normally larger than the volume filtered
  3. The volume of fluid and solutes filtered at the arterial end is the same as the volume of fluid and solutes filtered at the venous end
  4. The pressure of the fluids and solutes filtered is normally as large as the pressure reabsorbed
A
  1. The volume of the fluid and solutes reabsorbed is normally nearly as large as the volume filtered
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6
Q

The ABG results on 5 LPM are as follows:

pH 7.01, PaCO2 147 mmHg, PaO2 57 mmHg, HCO3 36 mmol/L, BE 17, Hb 19.8 g/L

Her predicted pH is lower than her actual pH

This is an acute on chronic ABG

She is polycythemic

She is moderately hypoxemic even on oxygen

i, ii, iii, iv

ii, iii

iii, iv

ii, iv

i, ii

A

i, ii, iii, iv

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7
Q

The P-wave in lead II ECG represents?

  1. Onset of atrial depolarization
  2. Onset of ventricular depolarization
  3. Atrial repolarization
  4. Ventricular repolarization
A
  1. Onset of atrial depolarization
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8
Q

1) The amount of air entrained in a Venturi device is _______ proportional to the size of the Jet and _______ proportional to the size of the entrainment port.
a) Directly, directly
b) Directly, inversely
c) Inversely, directly
d) Inversely, inversely

A

c) Inversely, directly

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9
Q

1) Keeping the relative humidity constant, as the temperature of the air ______ the absolute humidity will _______.
a) decreases, increase
b) Increases, decrease
c) Decreases, decrease
d) Increases, remains constant

A

Decreases, decrease

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10
Q

Pleuritic chest pain

A

Pleuritic chest pain is characterized by sudden and intense sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in the chest when inhaling and exhaling.

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11
Q

Spiriva

a) Is dispensed via a turbuhaler
b) Is the trade name for tiotropium bromide
c) Is used to administer a short acting cholinergic
d) All of the above
e) B and c only

A

Is the trade name for tiotropium bromide

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12
Q

What is the root cause of the distended neck veins, severely clubbed fingers and pitting peripheral edema?

a) Severe chronic hypercapnea
b) Severe chronic acidemia
c) Severe chronic hypoxemia
d) Severe chronic hypocapnea

A

Severe chronic hypoxemia

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13
Q

1) In the healthy lung, when the alveolus decreases in size during a normal exhalation, the:
a) Surface tension increases
b) Surfactant to alveolar surface area ratio increases
c) a and b only
d) b and c only

A

Surfactant to alveolar surface area ratio increases

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14
Q

Application of nasal CPAP to neonates can:

a) Be used to treat apnea associated with intraventricular hemorrhage
b) Treat babies with necrotizing entercolitis
c) Be used immediately post extubation
d) Used immediately post-delivery in babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
e) None of the above

A

c) Be used immediately post extubation

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15
Q

What effect do glucocorticoids have on beta adrenergic receptors?

a) No effect
b) Stimulates B2receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle
c) Restores/enhances responsiveness of B2receptors to B2 specific agents
d) Inhibits mast cell release

A

b) Stimulates B2receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle

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16
Q

Exudative pleural effusions:

a) May demonstrate high levels of epithelial cells
b) May demonstrate high levels of protein
c) Usually caused by CHF
d) a and b only

A

a and b only

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17
Q

Prior to birth, respiratory distress in the baby can be determined by which observation(s)?

a) Variable decelerations on the fetal heart rate monitor
b) Loss of pulse on the fetal heart rate monitor
c) A scalp pH of less than 7.10
d) All of the above
e) b and c

A

All of the above

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18
Q

1) Which of the following agent should be used to kill tubercle bacillus spores?

Alcohol

Glutaraldehyde

Quaternary compound

Phenols

A

Glutaraldehyde

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19
Q

Which of the following is the recommended care of the ventilator circuit for prevention of VAP?

l. The ventilator circuit must be changed every 4 days
ll. Closed suction systems are recommended
lll. Circuit condensate should be used to instill the patient

lV. Passive humidifiers can be safely used for 48 hours

A

II, IV

20
Q

1)To maintain your clinical competency in Alberta you must complete __________ hours of practice over the preceding four year period.

48

500

1500

2000

2500

A

1500

21
Q

Which of the following is/are the major characteristics of increased alveolar dead-space?

a) Minute ventilation out of proportion to the PaCO2
b) Decreased work of breathing
c) Hyperoxemia
d) FiO2> 0.50 and PaO2< 50 mmHg
e) a and c only

A

Minute ventilation out of proportion to the PaCO2

22
Q

1) Components of the tracheobronchial tree which tend to have turbulent airflow include:
a) Main Stem Bronchi
b) Bronchioles
c) Terminal Bronchioles
d) a and b
e) all of the above

A

a and b

23
Q

A drug that has both efficacy and affinity is termed:

a) Antagonist
b) Potency
c) Agonist
d) a and c

A

Agonist

24
Q

A 35 week neonate presents at birth with a scaphoid abdomen and is in need of resuscitation. Your first action should be to:

a) Intubate
b) Provide bag and mask ventilation
c) Insert a UAC
d) Insert an umbilical art line

A

Intubate

25
Q

1) Drugs indicated to treat tachycardia include:
a) Amiodarone
b) Epinephrine
c) Norepinephrine
d) All of the above

A

Amiodarone

26
Q

1) Comparing non-invasive ventilation (NPPV) to conventional invasive mechanical ventilation, which of the following is false:
a) NPPV has lower infection rates
b) NPPV may be better tolerated
c) NPPV will not result in a correction of arterial blood gases
d) NPPV is contra-indicated for a hemodynamically stable patient

A

c) NPPV will not result in a correction of arterial blood gases

27
Q

1) Which of the following is not recommended for mechanical ventilation of an asthmatic patient?
a) High set RR
b) Permissive hypercapnia
c) Use of minimal extrinsic PEEP
d) Using lung recruitment maneuvers
e) a and d

A

a and d

28
Q

Which of the following transcutaneous nerve stimulator results is the best indicator of the safety of using a MR reversal agent?

a) Tetany
b) Single twitch back
c) Two twitches back
d) Three twitches back

A

Three twitches back

29
Q

Ejection Fraction Calculation

A

Ejection Fraction=(Stroke Volume /End Diastolic Volume)- 100

30
Q

Cardiac Output Calculation

A

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

31
Q

1) If a patient has a stroke volume of 80 mLs, a cardiac output of 4.05 L/min and an ejection fraction of 0.60, of the following which is closest to what would their end diastolic volume be?
a) 115 mLs
b) 120 mLs
c) 125 mLs
d) 130 mLs

A

d) 130 mLs

32
Q

1) Mechanical ventilation is indicated for which of the following blood gases?
a) pH 7.23, PaCO256 mm Hg, PaO266 mm Hg, HCO3 23 mmol/L
b) pH 7.34, PaCO246 mm Hg, PaO251 mm Hg, HCO3 24 mmol/L
c) pH 7.31, PaCO250 mm Hg, PaO246 mm Hg, HCO3 24 mmol/L
d) pH 7.19, PaCO2 33 mmHg, PaO2 55 mmHg, HCO312 mmol/L

A

a) pH 7.23, PaCO256 mm Hg, PaO266 mm Hg, HCO3 23 mmol/L

33
Q

Exudative pleural effusions:

a) May demonstrate high levels of epithelial cells
b) May demonstrate high levels of protein
c) Usually caused by CHF
d) a and b only

A

d) a and b only

34
Q

1) A blending device is mixing 11.3 liters of air with 4.7 liters of oxygen. What FIO2is the device producing?
a) 0.40
b) 0.45
c) 0.50
0. 55

A

b) 0.45

35
Q

You set up a dry thoracic drainage unit. How much water will you put into the suction control chamber?

a) None
b) Fill it to the 2 cm indicator mark
c) Fill it to the 20 cm indicator mark
d) Start at 10 cm & slowly add fluid until bubbling is seen

A

a) None

36
Q

1) Small volumes nebulizers
a) Should be filled to a minimum of 3 mLs
b) Would not have a residual volume that remains in the bottom of the neb after treatment has completed
c) Should be set up on a gas flow of between 10-12 LPM
d) All of the above
e) A and c only

A

a) Should be filled to a minimum of 3 mLs

37
Q

A 70 kg IBW patient is being weaned from mechanical ventilation. The ventilator settings and ABG are as follows:

Mode: SIMV VC

Rate: 8 Br/min (total RR is 13 Br/min)

VTset: 550 ml

Press Supp: 22 cmH2O

FiO2: 0.35

ABG: pH: 7.45, CO2 34, PO289

Based on the above information which of the following would you recommend?

Increase the SIMV rate

Reduce the pressure support

Reduce the VT

Reduce the FiO2

A

Reduce the pressure support

38
Q

Once the CVP is in place, the transducer is leveled appropriately and zeroed. The monitor is showing a good waveform, with an “a” wave, “x” descent, “c” wave and “v” wave all present. 40) The CVP pressure reading is 12 mm Hg. Identify the most likely reason her CVP is elevated.

a) Volume overload
b) Pulmonary hypertension
c) Venticular Septal Defect
d) Pulmonary embolism

A

b) Pulmonary hypertension

39
Q

1) In the healthy lung, when the alveolus decreases in size during a normal exhalation, the:
a) Surface tension increases
b) Surfactant to alveolar surface area ratio increases
c) a and b only
d) b and c only

A

b) Surfactant to alveolar surface area ratio increases

40
Q

1) Which of the following ventilator change is most appropriate given the following information for a patient with target CO2of 40-45 mmHg?

CMV autoflow

RR 15 (measured RR 15 br/min)

VT 500 ml

PEEP 5 cmH2O

FiO20.35

ABG:7.47, 33, 80, 23, 0, 96%

a) Decrease minute volume to 5.0 LPM
b) Increase PEEP to 7 cmH2O
c) Decrease RR to 12 Br/min
d) Decrease FiO2to 0.25

A

c) Decrease RR to 12 Br/min

41
Q

Application of nasal CPAP to neonates can:

a) Be used to treat apnea associated with intraventricular hemorrhage
b) Treat babies with necrotizing entercolitis
c) Be used immediately post extubation
d) Used immediately post-delivery in babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
e) None of the above

A

c) Be used immediately post extubation

42
Q

What effect do glucocorticoids have on beta adrenergic receptors?

a) No effect
b) Stimulates B2receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle
c) Restores/enhances responsiveness of B2receptors to B2 specific agents
d) Inhibits mast cell release

A

Stimulates B2 receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle

43
Q

Prior to birth, respiratory distress in the baby can be determined by which observation(s)?

a) Variable decelerations on the fetal heart rate monitor
b) Loss of pulse on the fetal heart rate monitor
c) A scalp pH of less than 7.10
d) All of the above
e) b and c

A

d) All of the above

44
Q

Which of the following agent should be used to kill tubercle bacillus spores?

Alcohol

Glutaraldehyde

Quaternary compound

Phenols

A

Glutaraldehyde

45
Q

Which of the following is the recommended care of the ventilator circuit for prevention of VAP?

  1. The ventilator circuit must be changed every 4 days
  2. Closed suction systems are recommended
  3. Circuit condensate should be used to instill the patient
  4. Passive humidifiers can be safely used for 48 hours
A

2 and 4

46
Q

Normal CO

A

4-6 L/min

47
Q

Frank Starling Law

A

The more that the heart is filled during diastole, the greater the subsequent force of contraction (increase in SV)

The ability of the heart to change its force of contraction and therefore stroke volume in response to changes in venous return

There is a point however where overstretch can be reached and CO will plateau and then begin to fall

The Y axis is the for of contraction= CO

In addition to the Frank-Starling mechanism increased stretch in the right atrium will also stretch the SA node which will increase the frequency of the impulse the SA node generates

001 Respiratory Therapy (53 decks)

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