Review bio Flashcards
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
used during glycolysis to break down glucose
what function of sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?
transport sodium and potassium ions across membrane, maintain concentration gradients
what type of bonds hold two strands of DNA molecule
hydrogen bond
what is function of plasmid in bacteria?
carry genes to provide antibiotic resistance or other traits
what structure responsible for assembling components of ribosome in eukaryotic cells?
nucleolus
how do enzymes lower activation energy of chemical reaction?
alternative pathway with lower energy
What type of bond is responsible for the formation of the double helix structure of DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
What would happen to a plant cell if it were placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell would swell and possibly burst
In which direction do ribosomes move along the mRNA during translation?
5’ to 3’
What is the role of the 5′ cap in mRNA processing?
protect from degradation and aids in translation initiation
which type of RNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosome for protein synthesis?
mRNA
Which of the following is true about the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen is used during glycolysis to break down glucose
What is the primary purpose of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)?
To generate NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain
How do enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?
By providing an alternative reaction pathway
What is the most likely effect of a mutation that prevents the removal of introns from a pre-mRNA molecule?
mRNA include coding sequences that aren’t needed
What is the most likely effect of a mutation that prevents the addition of the poly-A tail to mRNA?
The mRNA will be degraded more rapidly
What is the role of the 3′-5′ exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase?
It proofreads and corrects errors during DNA replication
Which type of chemical bond forms when electrons are shared between two atoms?
covalent bonds
chaperone proteins in protein folding?
assist other proteins in folding into their correct shapes
Why do small, nonpolar molecules like oxygen diffuse across the plasma membrane more easily than polar molecules?
dissolve in hydrophobic interior of the membrane
