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Organ systems > Retinal processing > Flashcards

Retinal processing Flashcards

1
Q

retina

What type of polarization in photoreceptor cell decreases glutamate release?

A

hyperpolarization

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2
Q

retina

what does the glutamate do to the bipolar cells?

A

changes their membrane potenatils that trigger activity in ganglion cells

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3
Q

retina

What to the glutamate receptors in bipolar cells generate paths of?

A

Both ON and OFF responses

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4
Q

retina

What would enhance a glutamate release from photoreceptors?

A

darkenss

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5
Q

retina

Hyperpolarization would stimulate what response?

A

Off response or on response depending on the bipolar cell.

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6
Q

retina

What happens to ON bipolar cell in response to decreased glutamate?

A

they depolarize with less glutamate and excite ganglion cell

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7
Q

retina

what is inhibited by light?

A

Off bipolar cells are inhibited by decreased glutamate and light.

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8
Q

retina

How does OFF cell respond to darkness?

A

Depolarization in response to increased glutamate, excitement

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9
Q

retina

what inhibits on cells?

A

excess glutamate and light

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10
Q

retina

is darkness percieved different than black?

A

yes, darkness is more grey

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11
Q

retina

What pattern do OFF center reginial ganglial cells resopnd to?

A

Dark spots in light background

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12
Q

retina

What pattern does ON center reginal ganglia respond do?

A

light spots in dark background. Night sky

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13
Q

retina

What is the pattern of retina in center surrond receptive field

A

concentric rings where each ring is opposite of the last in terms of ON or OFF

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14
Q

retina

What do activated horizontal cells do

A

Afrevers the activity of the receptors in the center.

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15
Q

retina

What does later inhibition do?

A

The center receptors inhibit the bipolar and ganglion cells.

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16
Q

retina

What cells does lateral inhibition affect?

A

Both ON and OFF responses

17
Q

retina

If I shine light in surrounding OFF area what happens?

A

OFF cells stimulated, Horizontal cells Inhibit ON cells that would normally respond to light in center.

18
Q

retina

What does the center-surround fields enable ganglion cells to do?

A

center-surround alows ganglion cells to encode contrast.

19
Q

retina

what indicates amound of contrast bwtween and center parts of receptive field?

A

rate of ganglion activity indicates contrast

20
Q

retina

what can happen because ganglion cells enhanse contrast?

A

moderatley bright region may appear brighter or darker depending on background to increase contrast

21
Q

retina

What responds to edges?

A

retinal ganglion: center surround receptive fields

22
Q

retina

how do ganglion cells respond to specific color?

A

due to reciprical excitation and inhibition of various cones.

23
Q

retina

What would one color response do to ganglion?

A

Stimulated by one color would and inhibition by others

Organ systems (14 decks)

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