Limbic 2 Flashcards
What are the three different manifestations of emotional experience?
1) Autonomic (physiological and visceral), 2) Behavioral facial expressions, 3) subjective feelings like love, fear and hate and drives like thirst.
what part of the brain is associated with the emotional reponsivity and expression?
Prefrontal cortex, Anterior cingulate and insula, Amygdala
what are the 2 parts associated with the prefrontal cortex?
orbitofrontal, vmPFC
what are five areas of emotional response?
1) cognitive appraisal, 2) bodily symptoms, 3) action tendencies, 4) expression, 5) feelings.
What is emotional cognitive appraisal?
outside evaluation of events and objects and internal perception of physiological condition of the body.
what are emotional bodily symptoms mostly mediated by?
autonomic nervous system.
what are feelings?
Subjective experience of emotional state once it has occurred, based on active interpretation of changes in the physiological condions of the body.
what type of cortex is the insula?
viscero-sensory
what is the insula, viscerocortex involved in?
maping internal body states , and emotional arousal/feelings
examples of what the insula is emotionally aware of:
gut feelings, smell , how body feels like hungry, and perception of the affective aspec of pain and temperature.
What is the front and back part of insula for?
front - perceive subjective interoceptive states, affective aspect of pain, Back - (thermoreceptors) somatosensory input
what integrates bodily states into higher order cognitive and emotional processes?
the insula
what are higer order cognitive/emotional processes?
experience of pain, anger, fear disgust happyness,
The insula has connections with what brain areas to help intergrate higher order cognitive/emotional processes? (3)
Prefrontal cortex, cingulate (ACC) amygdala
what part of insula does internal and external info for pain, temp touch itch and emotional touch?
the posterior, its somatosensory stuff
What part of insula looks and perception of subjective interoceptive states like feelings acrosstime?
the anterior
what does the anterior insula intergrate with?
homeostatic, motivational, emotional and cognitive info from Anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex.
what part of insula is the integrator?
the anterior insula.
what part of insula does novel/unexpected tasks and difficullt perceptual tasks?
the anterior insula it can do that because it integrats with lots of areas of the brain.
homeostatic change in response to unexpected/novel tasks require what from the insula?
anticipation, a change in adaptive behavior via anticipation
what is an overactive insula assocated with?
anxiety disorders and fear conditioning.
what is empathy?
ability to feal and understant emotions in ourselves and others, and to feel what you think they would feel
what part of the brain enables us to do empathy (pictue of squashed finger)
anterior insula, again the one that does the integration
what can activate empathitically activate our anterior insula?
disgusting odarents and observed disgust.
where is the almond shaped amygdala?
anterior to the hippocampus in the temporal lobe
what is the amygdala involved in?
consolidating memory of cognitive emotion interactions
what perceives and gives attention to positive and negative emotional intensity?
amygdala
what mediates the effect of the amygdala on the cortex and memory consolidation?
basal forebrain mediates ascending projections from amygdala
where do the efferent projects of the amygdala go to?
visual cortex to shape visual perception
what do amygdal descending projectons go through?
hypothalamus and brain stem.
anxiety, learned and innate fear expression are mediated by what?
amygdala:central nucleus
what type of visceral responses are mediated by amyddala?
increased heart rate, dry mouth, ulcers, respiration, vigilance, urination etc.
what will amygdala respond mostly to, fear face on someone or anger, Why?
Fear face because of ambiguity, doesn’t know how dangerous the fear could be but is sure about anger.
how does amygdala maintain vigilance?
activation of basal foregrain nuclei, Ach, to activate cortex. It filters out irrelevant information
what area of the brain is assocated with pavlovian conditoning?
amygdala..acquisition of conditioned fear
what keeps amygdala from overreacting to something scary?
other cortical areas, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex helps bring things into contex
amygdal gets info from what areas so it can find out signifigance of emotional info?
Medial PFC, cingulate, insula, hippo, sinsory assocation and limbic cortices
after amygdala gets info what does it do?
consodidate memory, especially fear then send it back to hippo and Medial PFC.
when we have a memory that makes us feel fear again what has happened?
amygdal has stimulated hypothalamus and brain stem for learend emotional responses.
how does hippocampus effects amygdal when it sees something scary?
gives context like its only a movie, or in a cage
what mitigates the amydalas respones to something emotional?
the medial prefrontal cortex.
the two areas that keep the amygdala in check when scared by a snake is?
medial prefrontal cortex mediates response and hippocampus that gives context
are cues and context processed via the same path?
no, there are different paths for context and cues.
what is essential for understanding meaning of cues?
context processing, hippocampus
what are the cue processing areas?
amygdala, sensory cortices, posterior insula, parietal and temporail association areas
What aore the contex processing areas?
ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, anterior insula, anterior congulate cortex
what is pulvinar nucleus of thalamus a part of?
subconcious pathway, blindsight.
how are emotial memorys formed?
processed in sensory systems, then to hippocampus, to make declaritive memory about emotiona and to amygdala for emotional memory
what are memories about emoitons?
emotional arrousal forming sematic and episodic memories about it, cognitive representations of emotion
how do get to emotional memory?
event to sensory system to inplicit memory system, amygdala
how to get to memory about emotion?
event to sensory system to explicit memory in the medial temporal lobe.
what is extention of conditioned fear due to?
vmprefrontal cortex inhibiting the amygdala
can conditioned fear be eliminated?
no, its still there just supressed
what is the vmPFC and fear extention importaint for?
for adaptation to new situations, so you should be able to switch behaviors.
what is emotional perservation?
where you can’t change your behaviors, failure in extentions. Maladaptive.
what does high NE and Da in response to stress to the PFC and amygdala?
Impairs PFC working memory and attention but stimulates amygdala fear condtion leading to anxitey
amygdala bias is what?
towards habitual motor responding
what biases us tword flexible shifting of attention based on context?
medial PFC and hippocampus
Does the Amygdal have Slow thoughtful regulation or rapid emotional responses?
Amygdala = rapid and emotional and PFC = slow and thoughtful
what can explain angry emotinal drunks?
alcohol knocks out PFC
what neurtransmitter enhances amygdal reactivity and specificity?
NE
what can reduce tendency to anxitedy?
propanolol , B adrenergic antagonist. Not scared of emotinal faces
What does vmPFC lesion cause?
can’t plan ahead, recognize consequences, inhibit amygdala emotions
what happens with amydgala lesions?
cant link past experiences to stimul with behavioral consequences, cant recognize facial expressions, less fear/anxiety, less aggression, in appropriate sexual behavior.
what is tactile agnosia?
loss of association cortical input means can recognize objects because they have no emotinal meaning.
what does amygdal do with personal space?
without one you need less personal space. It governs personal space preference. Has to do with percieved threats
