Retinal Detachment & Age-Related Macular Degeneration Flashcards
Separation of the retina and the underlying pigment epithelium, with fluid accumulation between the two layers
Retinal Detachment
May lead to blindness if untreated
Retinal Detachment
Rare case; 1 per 15,000 individuals each year
Retinal Detachment
What is Retinal Detachment?
-separation of the retina and the underlying pigment epithelium, with fluid accumulation between the two layers
- may lead to blindness if untreated
- rare case; 1 per 15, 000 individuals each year
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
-Retinal break
-aging
- infection
- tumors
- cataract or glaucoma surgery
an interruption in the full thickness of the retinal tissue, which creates tears or holes
retinal break
what is retinal break?
an interruption in the full thickness of the retinal tissue, which creates tears or holes
shrinking of vitreous humor and pulls on retina
aging
aging caused in retinal detachment
shrinking of vitreous humor and pulls on retina
Pathophysiology of Retinal Detachment
Retinal break causes liquid vitreous to enter the subretinal space and causes detachment
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
-light flashes and floaters (Photopsia)
- ring in the field of vision
- painless loss of peripheral or central vision “like a curtain”
Diagnostics of Retinal Detachment
-History and physical examination
-Visual acuity measurement
- Ophthalmoscopy
- Slit-lamp microscopy
- Ultrasonography
if cornea, lens, or vitreous humor is hazy or opaque
Ultrasonography
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
-Retinal Laser Photocoagulation
- Retinal Cryopexy
- Scleral Buckling
-Vitrectomy
an intense, precisely focused light beam is used to create an inflammatory reaction
Retinal Laser Photocoagulation
Seals retinal breaks
Retinal Laser Photocoagulation
Involves the use of extreme cold to create the inflammatory reaction that produces the sealing scar
Retinal Cryopexy
Pain is felt post-surgery
Retinal Cryopexy
Health teaching in Post op Retinal Cyropexy
encourage patient to take prescribed analgesics
What is retinal laser photocoagulation
-an intense, precisely focused light beam is used to create an inflammatory reaction
- seals retinal breaks
What is retinal cryopexy
-involves the use of extreme cold to create the inflammatory reaction that produces the sealing scar
- pain is felt post-surgery
- encourage patient to take prescribed analgesics
an extraocular surgical procedure
scleral buckling
compressing of the globe so that the pigment epithelium, the choroid, and the sclera move toward the detached retina
scleral buckling
surgical removal of the vitreous
Vitrectomy
relieves traction on the retina, especially when the traction results from proliferative diabetic retinopathy
vitrectomy
combined with scleral buckling to provide dual effect in relieving traction
vitrectomy
What is vitrectomy?
-surgical removal of the vitreous
- relieves traction on the retina, especially when the traction results from proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- combined with scleral buckling to provide dual effect in relieving traction
Nursing Management of Retinal Detachment
-Keep head face down with chin lowered to chest for a long time
- Don’t straighten head for more than 10-15 mins at a time
- Place patient on bed rest
- Wear shield while sleeping; retina will take 6 to 8 weeks to heal
An eye disease that progressively destroys the macula
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Causes irreversible central vision loss
Age-related Macular Degeneration
2 types of Age-related Macular Degeneration
- Dry AMD
- Wet AMD
non-exudative
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration