GULLAIN BARR SYNDROME Flashcards
aka as ASCENDING POLYNEUROPATHIC PARALYSIS
Guillain-barre Syndrome
What is Guillain-barre syndrome?
an autoimmune attack on the peripheral nerve myelin
an autoimmune attack on the peripheral nerve myelin
Gullain-barre syndrome
Acute, rapid segmental demyelination of peripheral nerves and some cranial nerve
Gullain-barre syndrome
Pathophysiology of Guillain-barre syndrome
Acute, rapid segmental demyelination of peripheral nerves and some cranial nerve
A fatal form of polyneuritis
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Guillain-barre syndrome fatal form
a fatal form of polyneuritis
Clinical Manifestations of Guillain-barre syndrome
-Symmetrical ascending paralysis with dyskinesia
- Hyporeflexia
-Paresthesias (numbness)
What is dyskinesia?
Inability to execute voluntary movements
Etiology of Guillain-barre syndrome
-Idiopathic
- Cell-mediated immunological reaction at the peripheral nerves
- Campylobacter jejuni
-Mycoplasma pneumonia
-Cytomegalovirus
-Epstein-barr virus
-Varicella-zoster virus
-Sensitization of T lymphocytes to the patient’s myelin
Cause of sensitization of T lymphocytes to the patient’s myelin
Results to myelin damage
What is demyelination?
-Transmission of nerve impulses is stopped or slowed down
-Denervation and atrophy of muscles
It is the most recognized
Campylobacter jejuni
Clinical Manifestations of Guillain-barre syndrome (Continuation)
-Symmetrical muscle weakness
-Neuropathic pain
What is symmetrical muscle weakness?
-key feature of GBS
- Ascending pattern (lower limbs then the upper extremities then the face and respiratory muscle)
- Leads to complete paralysis
What is neuropathic pain?
-prickling, burning type
- worse at night; decreases appetite
Complications of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
-Respiratory failure
- UTI and URTI
- Paralytic ileus
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Pulmonary embolism (PE)
What is respiratory failure?
- paralysis on the nerves at the thoracic area
-major complication
Diagnosis of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
-CSF Protein Test
- Single-fiber Electromyography Test
What is CSF Protein Test?
-Increases on the 7th to 10th day
-15-60 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) is normal
Nursing Management of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
-Ventilatory support
-Prevention of DVT and PE
-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
-Monitor for skin breakdown
Interventions of Intravenous Immunoglobulin
-Patients need to be well-hydrated
- Renal function monitoring
How to prevent DVT and PE?
Administration of coagulants like HEPARIN
How to monitor for skin breakdown?
Turning to sides
