Restrictive Thoracic disease Flashcards

1
Q

What causes outwith the lungs cause restriction?

A
  1. Skeletal (eg spinal curvature/ traumatic multiple rib fracture)
  2. Muscle weakness in Intercostal muscles/diaphragm (myopathy/neuropathy/meylopathy)
  3. Abdominal obesity/ ascites/ pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does type II respiratory failure cause?

A

hypo-ventilation
low PaO2
reduced lung volumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aa barrier means?

A

Alveolar-arterial barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which gas can be easily passed through the Aa barrier?

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DPLD is an example of disease in which lung structure?

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DPLD does what to partial pressures in the alveoli?

A

decreased PaO2

normal CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common cause of fluid in the alveolar air spaces?

A

Cardiac pulmonary oedema

raised pulmonary venous pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Non cardiac pulmonary oedema is due to?

A

leaky pulmonary capillaries

sepsis/trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Consolidation is?

A

when alveolar air space becomes filled with infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can cause infective consolidation pneumonia?

A

viral
bacterial
fungal
parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pulmonary emboli and vasculitis can cause?

A

Pulmonary Infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

other causes of BOOP? (broncheolitis oblierans organising pneumonia)

A

rheumatoid disease
drugs
cryptogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is which type of reaction?

A

IgG mediated type 3 hypersensitivity pneumonitis reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

farmers lung and avian flu are an example of?

A

Extrinsic- allergic- alveolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the two branches of granulomatous alveolitis?

A
  1. extrinsic allergic alveolitis

2. sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

multi-system disease
rash on legs
inflammation in eyes/heart/nerves
Granulomatous alveolitis in lungs

17
Q

Drugs that induce alveolitis?

A

amiodarone

bleomycin/methotrexate

18
Q

what is pulmonary fibrosis?

A

An alveolitis that lays down collagen in the alveolar wall (simultanously to neutrophilic response)

19
Q

What conditions are pulmonary fibrosis associated with?

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

rheumatoid

20
Q

Pneumoconiosis is?

A

dust disease

21
Q

Fibrogenic pneumoconiosis examples?

A

Asbestosis

Silicosis

22
Q

Non-fibrogenic pneumoconiosis examles?

A

siderosis
stanosis
baritosis

23
Q

Cancers associated with carcinomatosis?

A
adenocarcinomas-
bronchus
breast
prostate
colon
stomach
24
Q

where are eosinophils in DPLD?

A

lung tissue

25
clinical symptoms and signs of DPLD?
``` Breathless on exertion cough-no wheeze Finger clubbing Inspiratory lung crackles Central cyanosis (if hypoxaemic) Pulmonary fibrosis at end stage ```
26
Diagnosis of DPLD?
``` History Reduced lung volumes (decreased FEV1 and FVC) Reduced gas diffusion (DLCO) Arterial oxygen desaturation (decreased PaO2 and SaO2) Presence of specific antibodies Serum ACE and Ca in sarcoid Bilateral diffuse alveolar infiltrates on CXR ECG to diagnose secondary pulmonary hypertension Bronchoalveolar lavage or induced sputum (exclude pneumocystis/TB etc.) Transbronchial/ thorascopic lung biopsy ```
27
treatment DPLD?
remove trigger factor immuno-suppressives for alveolitis (danger of secondart infection) corticosteroids (higher doeses than asthma) Anti-fibrotic drugs (pirfenidone, nintedaninb) O2 if hypoxic LUNG TRANSPLANT
28
Should inhaled steroids be used for DPLD?
NO!
29
what do drugs like pirfenidone and nintedanib do?
prevent any further fibrosis of lungs
30
ground glass reversible inflammation can be treated with?
corticoteroids