Histology Flashcards
Where is olfactory epithelium located?
The roof of the nasal cavity
What is respiratory epithelium?
pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
what is the lining of the initial part of the nasal cavity?
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
A basal cell is another name for what?
Stem cell
What lies underneath the respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity?
Lamina propria (CT containing seromucus glands and a rich venous plexus) This can quickly engorge with blood and block the nose- happens in allergic reaction
What is the lining of the oropharynx?
non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Why is the anterior epiglotus different?
it has a stratified squamous epithelial lining (as opposed to respiratory epithelium)
Which part of the larynx is the exception to the respiratory epithelium lining?
vocal folds- stratified squamous epithelium
what is the body of the larynx made of?
hyaline cartillage
what spans the open side of the C shaped cartillage on the trachea?
fibroelastic tissue and trachealis muscle
what are the layers of the trachea wall?
respiratory epithelium
basal lamina
lamina propria
submucosa (with seromucous glands)
What are the ‘rings’ of hyaline cartilage replaced with in the bronchi?
irregulary shaped cartilage plates
what are the layers of a bronchus wall?
Respiratory epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis
When does a bronchus become a bronchiole?
when there is no more hyaline cartillage
What is a bronchiole lamina propria composed of?
smooth muscle
elastic and collagenous fibres
what is the difference between terminal and respiratory bronchioles?
terminal= smallest bronchioles that are not the site of gas exchange
respiratory= bronchioles hold the alveoli
which part of the respiratory tract contains large numbers of non-cilliated club cells?
terminal bronchioles
what is the functions of club cells? (AKA clara cells)
Stem cell
Detoxification
Immune modulation
Produce anti-adhesion factors (Surfactant)
what cells are present in respiratory bronchioles?
squamous type I/ type II alveolar cells (pneumocytes)
what structures branch from respiratory bronchioles?
alevolar ducts
alveolar sacs
which cells produce surfactant?
Type II alveolar cells
Why can some premature infants struggle to inflate their lungs?
Type II alveolar cells are produced late into pregnancy, so the babies will have insufficient surfactant
what immunological cells live in the alveoli?
Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
what is the name of the space between alveoli, penetrated by capillaries?
Septa
