Histology

Question 1

Where is olfactory epithelium located?

Answer 1

The roof of the nasal cavity

Question 2

What is respiratory epithelium?

Answer 2

pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 3

what is the lining of the initial part of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

A basal cell is another name for what?

Answer 4

Stem cell

Question 5

What lies underneath the respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

Lamina propria (CT containing seromucus glands and a rich venous plexus)
This can quickly engorge with blood and block the nose- happens in allergic reaction

Question 6

What is the lining of the oropharynx?

Answer 6

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

Why is the anterior epiglotus different?

Answer 7

it has a stratified squamous epithelial lining (as opposed to respiratory epithelium)

Question 8

Which part of the larynx is the exception to the respiratory epithelium lining?

Answer 8

vocal folds- stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

what is the body of the larynx made of?

Answer 9

hyaline cartillage

Question 10

what spans the open side of the C shaped cartillage on the trachea?

Answer 10

fibroelastic tissue and trachealis muscle

Question 11

what are the layers of the trachea wall?

Answer 11

respiratory epithelium
basal lamina
lamina propria
submucosa (with seromucous glands)

Question 12

What are the ‘rings’ of hyaline cartilage replaced with in the bronchi?

Answer 12

irregulary shaped cartilage plates

Question 13

what are the layers of a bronchus wall?

Answer 13

Respiratory epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis

Question 14

When does a bronchus become a bronchiole?

Answer 14

when there is no more hyaline cartillage

Question 15

What is a bronchiole lamina propria composed of?

Answer 15

smooth muscle

elastic and collagenous fibres

Question 16

what is the difference between terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 16

terminal= smallest bronchioles that are not the site of gas exchange

respiratory= bronchioles hold the alveoli

Question 17

which part of the respiratory tract contains large numbers of non-cilliated club cells?

Answer 17

terminal bronchioles

Question 18

what is the functions of club cells? (AKA clara cells)

Answer 18

Stem cell
Detoxification
Immune modulation
Produce anti-adhesion factors (Surfactant)

Question 19

what cells are present in respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 19

squamous type I/ type II alveolar cells (pneumocytes)

Question 20

what structures branch from respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 20

alevolar ducts

alveolar sacs

Question 21

which cells produce surfactant?

Answer 21

Type II alveolar cells

Question 22

Why can some premature infants struggle to inflate their lungs?

Answer 22

Type II alveolar cells are produced late into pregnancy, so the babies will have insufficient surfactant

Question 23

what immunological cells live in the alveoli?

Answer 23

Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

Question 24

what is the name of the space between alveoli, penetrated by capillaries?

Answer 24

Septa

Question 25

what is the name of the thin tissue between the air and blood?

Answer 25

air-blood barrier

Question 26

what does the air-blood barrier consist of?

Answer 26

Type I alveolar cells, endothelial cell and basal lamina of each

Question 27

what probably allows an alternate route of airflow in the alveoli?

Answer 27

Alveolar pores

Question 28

what cells line the visceral pleura?

Answer 28

mesothelium

Question 29

what cancer is associated with the pleura?

Answer 29

mesothelioma

Question 30

what is mesothelioma associated with?

Answer 30

asbestos poisoning