Pathogy Flashcards
how common are benign primary lung neoplasms?
rare
how common are primary malignant and metastatic neoplasms in the lung?
very common
what would cause concern of cancer on a chest x-ray?
suspicious lession
which carcinogens in cigarettes can cause cancer?
polycyclic hydrocarbons aromatic amines phenols nickel cyanates
asbestos, nickel, chromates, radiation, pollution and genetics are some risk factors of what?
lung cancer
What are some local effects of lung cancer?
Airway obstruction (pneumonia)
Invasion of chest wall (pain)
Ulceration (haemoptysis)
where can lung cancer metastases present?
Nodes
Bones
Liver
Brain
what are some systemic effects of weight loss?
Weight loss
‘ectopic’ hormone production
(eg. PTH increasion- can cause squamous cell carcinoma.)
(eg. ACTH incresion- can cause small cell carcinoma)
what are the 4 most common smoking associated cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous carcinoma
small cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma
what are less common lung cancer types?
neuroendocrine tumour
bronchial gland tumour
how would you classify lung tumours?
Hetrogeneous
what lung cancer is more prevalent in non-smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
What ways can you hitsologically diagnose lung cancer?
Broncoscopy
Biopsy or needle aspiration of metastases (esp. mediastinal/supraclavicualr lymph nodes)
EBUS (endobronchial ultrasound)
why is sub-typing lung cancers important?
Prognosis
Treatment
Pathogenesis/biology
Epidemiology
what is the likely prognosis of small cell carcinoma?
Almost all dead in a year
