Pathogy Flashcards
how common are benign primary lung neoplasms?
rare
how common are primary malignant and metastatic neoplasms in the lung?
very common
what would cause concern of cancer on a chest x-ray?
suspicious lession
which carcinogens in cigarettes can cause cancer?
polycyclic hydrocarbons aromatic amines phenols nickel cyanates
asbestos, nickel, chromates, radiation, pollution and genetics are some risk factors of what?
lung cancer
What are some local effects of lung cancer?
Airway obstruction (pneumonia)
Invasion of chest wall (pain)
Ulceration (haemoptysis)
where can lung cancer metastases present?
Nodes
Bones
Liver
Brain
what are some systemic effects of weight loss?
Weight loss
‘ectopic’ hormone production
(eg. PTH increasion- can cause squamous cell carcinoma.)
(eg. ACTH incresion- can cause small cell carcinoma)
what are the 4 most common smoking associated cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous carcinoma
small cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma
what are less common lung cancer types?
neuroendocrine tumour
bronchial gland tumour
how would you classify lung tumours?
Hetrogeneous
what lung cancer is more prevalent in non-smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
What ways can you hitsologically diagnose lung cancer?
Broncoscopy
Biopsy or needle aspiration of metastases (esp. mediastinal/supraclavicualr lymph nodes)
EBUS (endobronchial ultrasound)
why is sub-typing lung cancers important?
Prognosis
Treatment
Pathogenesis/biology
Epidemiology
what is the likely prognosis of small cell carcinoma?
Almost all dead in a year
what is the order of survival of the main cancer types?
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous carcinoma
undifferentiated carcinoma
small cell carcinoma
most simple classifications of lung cancer?
Small cell lung cancer
vs
non- small cell lung cancer
what is the main treatment for SCLC?
chemotherapy
What are bronchial (large airway) tumour types?
Squamous metaplasia
dysplasia
carcinoma in situ
invasive malignancy
What are the two factors that can contribute towards a prognosis?
Tumour stage
Tumour histological subtype
What does TNM staging stand for?
Tumour
Nodes
Metastases
what are some bronchial gland neoplasm types?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
what cancer is associated with the pleura?
Mesothelioma (ASBESTOS ASSOCIATED)
