Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what are Pathogenic clinical signs?

A

a sign particularly characteristic to a specific disese

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2
Q

what can biochemical tests be used for?

A
Diagnosis
Monitoring
Screening 
Treatment
prognosis
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3
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with the muscles?

A

CK

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4
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with the heart?

A

Trophonin

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5
Q

Diagnostic enzymes associated with the blood?

A

AST

LDH

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6
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with the liver?

A

ALT
ALK PHOS
gamma GT

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7
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with the pancreas?

A

amylase

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8
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with bone?

A

ALK PHOS

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9
Q

what is CK

A

a cardiac enzyme that is released into the circulation from a myocardial infarction

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10
Q

high CK indicates?

A

presence of a MI

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11
Q

a good diagnostic test should have a high percent of what?

A

True positive results

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12
Q

what is sensitivity?

A

how good a test is at correctly identifying a disease

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13
Q

what is specificity?

A

how good a test is at correctly identifying who is healthy

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14
Q

what is a positive predictive value?

A

eg. % of people with a high CK who have MI

post-test probability of disease

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15
Q

what is the prevalence?

A

percentage of

people in population with disease

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16
Q

what is a negative predictive value?

A

eg. % of people with normal CK h=who don’t have MI

post-test probability of health

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17
Q

what is the most useful prevalence for a test?

18
Q

diagnostic cut-off moved to the right means?

A

less false positives
high specificity
low sensitivity

19
Q

diagnostic cut-off moved to the left meant?

A

more false positives
low specificity
high sensitivity

20
Q

chest pain tests?

A

history/examination
ECG
older blood tests (like CK)
Troponins

21
Q

what is 1 - NPV?

A

Tells you who had negative result but is actually positive-percentage

22
Q

How would you compensate the primary problem of too much H+?

A

excrete more CO2

23
Q

How would you compensate the primary problem of too much CO2?

A

excrete more H+ via renal system

24
Q

what can loss of acid from the blood cause?

A

hypoventilation

25
what does too little CO2 cause?
hyperventilation
26
choking, bronchopneumonia & COAD are causes of what acid/base disorder?
respiratory Acidosis
27
Hysterical overbreathing, mechanical over-ventilation & raised intracradial pressure are causes of which acid-base dissorder?
respiratory Alkalosis
28
Impaired H+ excretion, increased H+ production or ingestion & loss of HCO3- are causes of which acid/base dissorder?
metabolic acidosis
29
Loss of H+ in vomit, alkali ingestion & potassium dificiency are causes of which acid/base dissorder?
metabolic alkalosis
30
which chemical is the most effective acid buffer and why?
Bicarbonate because the system doesn't reach equilibrium as CO2 is blown off by the lungs
31
what are the 'arterial blood gasses'?
H+ pCO2 HCO3- pO2
32
what is the normal level of arterial H+?
35-45 nmol/L
33
what is the normal level of arterial PCO2?
4.5-5.6 kPa
34
what are the normal levels of arterial PO2?
12-15 kPa
35
what are the normal levels of HCO3-?
21-28 nmol?L
36
what is the respiratory component of acid-base management?
pCO2
37
what is the metabolic component of acid-base management?
HCO3-
38
A primary change in PCO2 indicates which type of dissorder?
Respiratory
39
A primary change in HCO3- indicates which typr of dissorder?
Metabolic
40
What is acidaemia?
increase in H+ concentration
41
what is alkalaemia?
decrease in H+ concentration