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Respiratory > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what are Pathogenic clinical signs?

A

a sign particularly characteristic to a specific disese

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2
Q

what can biochemical tests be used for?

A 
Diagnosis
Monitoring
Screening 
Treatment
prognosis
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3
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with the muscles?

A

CK

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4
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with the heart?

A

Trophonin

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5
Q

Diagnostic enzymes associated with the blood?

A

AST

LDH

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6
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with the liver?

A

ALT
ALK PHOS
gamma GT

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7
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with the pancreas?

A

amylase

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8
Q

diagnostic enzymes associated with bone?

A

ALK PHOS

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9
Q

what is CK

A

a cardiac enzyme that is released into the circulation from a myocardial infarction

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10
Q

high CK indicates?

A

presence of a MI

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11
Q

a good diagnostic test should have a high percent of what?

A

True positive results

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12
Q

what is sensitivity?

A

how good a test is at correctly identifying a disease

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13
Q

what is specificity?

A

how good a test is at correctly identifying who is healthy

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14
Q

what is a positive predictive value?

A

eg. % of people with a high CK who have MI

post-test probability of disease

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15
Q

what is the prevalence?

A

percentage of

people in population with disease

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16
Q

what is a negative predictive value?

A

eg. % of people with normal CK h=who don’t have MI

post-test probability of health

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17
Q

what is the most useful prevalence for a test?

A

50%

18
Q

diagnostic cut-off moved to the right means?

A

less false positives
high specificity
low sensitivity

19
Q

diagnostic cut-off moved to the left meant?

A

more false positives
low specificity
high sensitivity

20
Q

chest pain tests?

A

history/examination
ECG
older blood tests (like CK)
Troponins

21
Q

what is 1 - NPV?

A

Tells you who had negative result but is actually positive-percentage

22
Q

How would you compensate the primary problem of too much H+?

A

excrete more CO2

23
Q

How would you compensate the primary problem of too much CO2?

A

excrete more H+ via renal system

24
Q

what can loss of acid from the blood cause?

A

hypoventilation

25
Q

what does too little CO2 cause?

A

hyperventilation

26
Q

choking,
bronchopneumonia &
COAD are causes of what acid/base disorder?

A

respiratory Acidosis

27
Q

Hysterical overbreathing,
mechanical over-ventilation &
raised intracradial pressure are causes of which acid-base dissorder?

A

respiratory Alkalosis

28
Q

Impaired H+ excretion,
increased H+ production or ingestion &
loss of HCO3- are causes of which acid/base dissorder?

A

metabolic acidosis

29
Q

Loss of H+ in vomit,
alkali ingestion &
potassium dificiency are causes of which acid/base dissorder?

A

metabolic alkalosis

30
Q

which chemical is the most effective acid buffer and why?

A

Bicarbonate because the system doesn’t reach equilibrium as CO2 is blown off by the lungs

31
Q

what are the ‘arterial blood gasses’?

A

H+
pCO2
HCO3-
pO2

32
Q

what is the normal level of arterial H+?

A

35-45 nmol/L

33
Q

what is the normal level of arterial PCO2?

A

4.5-5.6 kPa

34
Q

what are the normal levels of arterial PO2?

A

12-15 kPa

35
Q

what are the normal levels of HCO3-?

A

21-28 nmol?L

36
Q

what is the respiratory component of acid-base management?

A

pCO2

37
Q

what is the metabolic component of acid-base management?

A

HCO3-

38
Q

A primary change in PCO2 indicates which type of dissorder?

A

Respiratory

39
Q

A primary change in HCO3- indicates which typr of dissorder?

A

Metabolic

40
Q

What is acidaemia?

A

increase in H+ concentration

41
Q

what is alkalaemia?

A

decrease in H+ concentration

Respiratory (19 decks)

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