Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Respiratory tract infections > Flashcards

Respiratory tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical presentation of influenza?

A 
Fever
Malaise- feeling uneasy
Myalgia- muscle pain
headache
Cough
Prostration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of ‘classical’ flu viruses?

A

Influenza A

Influenza B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a type of ‘Flu-like’ illnesses?

A

parainfluenza viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can flu be transmitted?

A

Droplets/direct contac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when is influenzal pneumonia likely to be seen?

A

In pandemic years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What pneumonia are associated with flu?

A

Primary influenzal pneumonia

secondary bacterial pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who is at risk of primary influenzal pneumonia?

A

yound adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who is at risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia?

A

infants, elderly, debilitated, pre-existing disease, pregnant women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the symptomatic treatment of flu?

A

bed rest
fluids
paracetamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some antivirals for flu?

A

Osetamivir

Zanamivir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when do NICE say antivirals should be given?

A

to patients at risk of complications when flu is circulating/ early in disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main cause of epidemics?

A

antigen shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the genome of influenza like?

A

multiple segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what factors can bring about new flu strains?

A

Antigenic shift
segmented genome
animal reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which flu is associated with birds?

A

Avian flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you confirm flu in a lab?

A

mostly by PCR

antibody detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What types of vaccines can be used to prevent flu?

A

Killed vaccine
Live attenuated vaccine (Given to children aged 2-17)
Antivirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What bacteria are associated with community acquired pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Coxiella burnetii
Chlamydophila psittaci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What caused Q fever?

A

coxiella burnetii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which bacteria is associated with sheep and goats?

A

coxiella burnetii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a complication of coxiella burnetii?

A

Culture negative endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what animals can spread pneumonia?

A

parrots, budgies, cockatiels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the clinical presentations of brochiolitis?

A 
age 1 or 2
fever
coryza
cough
wheeze

(sometimes grunting, decreased PaO2, intercostal/sternal indrawing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what age groups have the highest incidence of mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Children

Young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are complications of bronchiolitis?

A

Resp/cardiac failure

26
Q

what causes 80% of bronchiolitis?

A

Resp. syncytial virus

27
Q

what are some good ways to prevent nosocomial spread?

A

Cohort nursing

Hand washing, gowns, gloves

28
Q

what virus affects most children by age of 5?

A

metapneumovirus

29
Q

What’s is chlamydia trachomatis?

A

STI causing infantile pneumonia

diagnosed by PCR on urine/ throat swabs on child

30
Q

What’s the difference between colonisation and infection?

A 
Colonisation= presence of organism
Infection= inflammation as a result of colonisation
31
Q

What are some URT defences?

A 
Nasal hairs
Cilliated epithelia
IgA
Saliva
Cough
32
Q

What are some Gram +ve colonisers in URT?

A

Strep pneumoniae
Strep pyogenes
Staphylococcud aureus

33
Q

What are some Gram -ve colonisers in URT?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

moraxella catatrrhalis

34
Q

what are some conducting airway defences?

A

mucocilliary escalator
cough
AMPs

35
Q

When can conducting airways occur?

A

Large ammount of bugs
strong bugs
immunity low
trauma

36
Q

What are clinical findings of Acute bronchitis?

A

Normal CXR
infection and inflammation of bronchi
productive cough
possible wheeze/fever

37
Q

What are microbiological findings of acute bronchitis?

A

preceded by UTR infection
normal chest examination and CXR
sometimes whooping cough

38
Q

What bacteria is associated with whooping cough?

A

Bordetella Pertussis

39
Q

How long does pertussis cause a cough for?

A

3 weeks.

post bacterial afterwards

40
Q

How would you describe a whooping cough?

A

Paroxysmal coughing

41
Q

How would you diagnose whooping cough?

A

bacterial culture
PCR
Serology
Clinical signs and symptoms

42
Q

What is FFP3?

A

Filtering face piece 3

43
Q

Which RTIs are associated with airborn transmition?

A

TB

some viruses

44
Q

What bugs are associated with CF?

A

Staph. aureus, haemophilus influenzae, strep. pneumonae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia etc.

45
Q

What are some LRT defences?

A

alveolar lining fluid

alveolar macrophages and neutrophils

46
Q

What are clinical presentations of community acquired pneumonis/

A 
cough increased sputum
chest pain
dyspnoea
fever
CXR with infiltrates
47
Q

what is the most common bug for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Strep. pneumoniae

48
Q

how would you diagnose community acquired pneumonia?

A

Sputum culture
purulence
viral PCR

49
Q

What increases risk of pneumonia?

A

smoking
age
immunocompromise

50
Q

What is typical pneumonia?

A

Quick onset
symptoms all in the lung
strep. pneumoniae

51
Q

what is atypical pneumonia?

A

not strep. pneumoniae

rash/diarrhea/headache

52
Q

What’s aspiration pneumonia?

A

when bugs from the mouth get infected in the lungs

53
Q

What’s the best way to diagnose Legionella?

A

PCR

54
Q

What treatments are available for legionella pneumonia?

A

Clarythromycin
Erythromycin
Ouinolones (C antibiotic)

55
Q

Where is legionella likely to be found?

A

warm water

56
Q

Who’s at risk of legionella?

A 
over 55
diabetes
smoking
malignancy
altered immunity
57
Q

What is walking pneumonia?

A

usually young person, non productive cought, malaise, myalgia
CXR shows pneumonia but they don’t feel too sick
can get a rash (TARGET LESSION)

58
Q

why can’t amoxicillin be used for walking pneumonia?

A

organism has no cell wall

59
Q

What group of people are more likely to get staph aureus pneumonia?

A

Iv drug abusers

60
Q

What is relative bradycardia associated with?

A

Legionella
mycoplasma
tularaemia
chlamydia

61
Q

What are some pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia?

A 
Parasites
Brucella
Endemic mycoses
Psittacosis
TB

Respiratory (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions