Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Chronic Pulmonary Infection > Flashcards

Chronic Pulmonary Infection Flashcards

1
Q 
What's the diff. diagnosis of:
Shadow on CXR
Weight loss
Persistent sputum production
Chest pain
Increasing SOB
A 
Lung Cancer
Intrapulmonary abscess
Empyema
Bronchiectasis
CF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the risk factors for developing chronic pulmonary infection?

A

Abnormal host response- immunodeficiency/ immunosuppression

Abnormal innate host defence- Damaged bronchial mucosa/ abnormal cillia/ abnormal secreation

Repeated insult- aspiration/ indwelling material (eg NG or ET tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What immunoglobulin deficiencies are associated with chronic pulmonary infection?

A

IgA deficiency- more accute
Hypogammaglobulinaemia
CVID- common cause, recurrent infections
Specific Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are other causes of immunodeficiency?

A

Hypo-splenism
Immune paresis- myeloma, lymphoma, metastatic malignancy
HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some common causes of immunosuppression?

A 
Steroids
Azathioprine
METHOTREXATE
Cyclophosphamide
Monoclonal antibodies (Infliximab, etanercept, TNFa/ rituximab/ leflunamide)
Chemo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes defective innate host defence?

A 
Damaged bronchial mucosa
Abnormal cillia ( Kartenager's syndrome, Young's syndrome
Abnormal secretions (CF, channelopathies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes repeated insult?

A 
Recurrent aspiration (NG feeding, poor swallow, pharyngeal pouch)
Indwelling material (NG tube, chest drain, inhaled foreign body?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s an intrapulmonary abscess?

A 
Indolent presentation (quietly growing)
Weight loss
Lethargy, tiredness, weakness
Cough sometimes sputum
high mortality if untreated
usually a preceding illness of some sort (pneumonic, post viral, foreign body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what bacteria is very good at causing abscesses?

A

Staph Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can cause aspiration pneumonia?

A

Vomiting
Lowered conscious level
Pharyngeal pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what poor immune response is associated with pulmonary abscess?

A

hypogammaglobulinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What pathogens are common of lung abscess?

A 
Streptococci
Staphylococci
E-coli
Gram negatives
fungi- aspergillus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are three main causes of septic emboli?

A

Right sided endocarditis
Infected DVT
Septicaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does IV drug use lead to septic emboli?

A

Inject into groin,
DVT
Infection
PE + abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is empyema?

A

Pus in pleural space- infected pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

fluid in pleural space

17
Q

what does empyema look like on a CT scan?

A

C- shaped

like a banana

18
Q

What are signs of simple parapneumonic effusion?

A

Clear fluid
pH > 7.2
LDH < 1000
Glucose > 2.2

19
Q

what are signs of complicated parapneumonic effusion/

A

pH < 7.2
LDH >1000
Glucose < 2.2
NEEDS CHEST TUBE DRAINING

20
Q

what are signs of empyema?

A

frank pus

21
Q

How would you diagnose empyema?

A

Clinical suspiscion
CXR
USS
CT

22
Q

What does a D shape on CXR indicate?

A

Empyema

23
Q

Empyema treatments other than chest drain?

A

IV antibiotics

  • broad spectrum
  • amoxicillin and metronidazole initially

Oral antibiotics

24
Q

How should you tap an empyema?

A

with a USS

25
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

Localises, irreversible dilation of bronchial tree

26
Q

What is the presentation of bronchiectasis?

A 
Recurrent "chest infections"
Recurrent antibiotic prescriptions
No response to antibiotics
Short lived response to antibiotics
Persistent sputum production
27
Q

How to diagnose bronchiectasis?

A

Cough productive of sputum
chest pain
recurrent LRTIs
Radiological- HRCT

28
Q

What would be characteristic on a brochiectasis CT?

A

Cygnet rings

29
Q

What causes bronchiectasis?

A 
Bronchial obstruction
CF
Young's and Kartanager's syndrome
ABPA
Immunodeficiency
Rheumatoid arthritis
bronchopulmonary sequestration
Monier-Khum syndrom (lack of tracheal cartillage)
Yellow Nail syndrome
ABOUT 50% IDIOPATHIC
30
Q

What is chronic bronchial sepsis?

A

hallmarks of bronchiectasis but no radiological signs

31
Q

Who are likely to get chronic bronchial sepsis?

A

Young women working with children

Older people with COPD or airways disease

32
Q

How to treat chronic bronchial sepsis?

A

Stop smoking
Flu vaccine
reactive antibiotics: sputum sample, antibiotics appropriate to most recent positive culture

33
Q

What are some anti-inflammatory treatments for bronchiectasis?

A

clarithromycin 250mg OD

Azithromycin 250mg three times a week

Respiratory (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions