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Need To Recall > Resto > Flashcards

Resto Flashcards

1
Q

Indication for inlays

A

Caries not extending 1/3 of intercuspal width

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2
Q

Types of material used in inlays

A

Gold - 40 degree bevel at CSM, 30 degree gingival CSM (0.5mm to 1mm wide)

Porcelain - no bevel

Composite - no bevel

*Taper 2-5 degrees diverging occlusal

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3
Q

Discovered phosphoric acid as etchant

A

Buonocore (1955)

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4
Q

Sugar that prevents glucose from binding to cariogenic microorganisms

A

Xylitol - increases pH of saliva

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5
Q

Adhesive used by microorganisms to stick to the tooth?

A

Dextrans, levans

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6
Q

Shape of caries

A

Pit and fissure -most common
Enamel - base of triangle towards DEJ, apex towards occlusal
Dentin - base of triangle towards DEJ, apex towards pulp

Smooth surface
Enamel - base of triangle towards outer surface, apex towards DEJ
Dentin - base of triangle towards DEJ, apex towards pulp

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7
Q

Best preventive measure for pit and fissure caries? Smooth surface caries?

A

PFS
Smooth surface: flossing and fluoride

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8
Q

Most sensitive part of the tooth during cavity preparation

A

DEJ (hydrodynamic theory)

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9
Q

Most common site of proximal caries

A

Slightly below or gingival to the contact area

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10
Q

Retention, resistance, convenience form

A

Retention - resist displacement (converging walls)
Resistance - withstand masticatory forces (diverging/parallel mesial/distal walls, 90 degree CSM, flat pulpal floor, depth)
Convenience - ease of operation (1/3 of buccal cusp tip to lingual cusp tip)

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11
Q

Which permanent teeth is mostly subjected to accidental pulp exposure?

A

Mandibular 1st premolar (facial pulp horn)

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12
Q

Bevels in class II amalgam prep??

A

Axiopulpal line angle
Gingival cavosurface margin

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13
Q

Retentive feature of class II amalgam prep

A

Depth 1/2 the size of a 1/4 round bur: 0.25mm

At axiofacial line angle
Axiolingual line angle

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14
Q

Line angle vs point angle

A

Line angle - where two walls meet
Point angle - where three line angles meet

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15
Q

Difference of class ii gold inlay and class ii amalgam?

A

Buccal and lingual walls of gold: 2-5° diverging occlusally

Reverse bevel at the axiogingival line angle for gold (proximal lock) vs slightly rounded gingivo-axial line angle

Occlusal CSM: 40° gold, 90° amalgam
Proximal CSM: 40° g, 90° a
Gingival CSM: 30° g, 90° a (beveled 15-20°) for permanent

No bevel in deciduous!!! enamel rods at the cervical are oriented towards occlusal!

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16
Q

Best resto material for the restoration of the distolingual surface of canine?

A

Gold!

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17
Q

Best approach in preparing class III caries

A

Lingual

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18
Q

Retentive feature of class III

A

0.25mm or 1/2 of 1/4 round
Gingivoaxial and incidoaxial line angle

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19
Q

Orientation of walls of class V

A

Diverging!!! You see all the walls

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20
Q

What is class VI (SIMON)

A

incidal edge of anterior teeth or cusp of posterior teeth

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21
Q

What is a cervical burnout

A

Radiolucency Found below the cej on the root due anatomic variation or a gap between enamel and bone covering the root (roots are concave)

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22
Q

Caries that progressed just into the DEJ

A

Frank caries

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23
Q

Other term for root caries

A

Senile caries - associated with aging due to gingival resorption
Decrease coronal caries (sclerotic dentin formation)

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24
Q

Zone of carious enamel

A

Translucent zone -deepest
Dark zone -zone of remineralization
Body zone -largest zone -demineralized zone
Surface zone -outer most, unaffected by carious lesion

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25
Q

Zone of carious dentin

A

Normal dentin - no bacteria
Subtransparent
Transparent - demineralized softened dentin but no bacteria in tubules
Turbid dentin - zone of bacterial invasion, remove
Infected - outermost carious zone with numerous microorg, remove

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26
Q

Where is the fastest progression of caries?

A

DEJ

Enamel vs dentin: dentin - less mineralized

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27
Q

Common bleaching agent in dentistry

A

Hydrogen peroxide ~30% (tx: vitamin E)
Sodium perborate

Light activated/inactive: carbamide peroxide

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28
Q

Movement of fluid through small channel or porous material

A

Percolation

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29
Q

Setting of amalgam via?

A

Crystallization
24hrs for complete setting

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30
Q

Mercury to alloy ratio

A

Traditional is 8:5 but high mercury was associated with extensive expansion (we only want minimal expansion for sealing)
Eame’s technique 1:1
Modern dentistry <1: 1 or <50:50

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31
Q

Amalgam composition

A

Silver, copper, tin, mercury, zinc

Silver and copper
⬇️ working time and creep, ⬆️expansion and strength
(copper decreases corrosion)

Tin
⬆️ working time and creep
⬇️ expansion and strength

Mercury (must be <50%)
⬆️ working time and creep, expansion
⬇️ strength
Produces different phases

Zinc
⬆️⬆️ expansion when contaminated
Prevents oxidation; acts as scavenger for oxides
⬆️ shelf life

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32
Q

Types of amalgam alloy particles, pros and cons

A

Spherical - less condensation force needed, faster working time
Admixed - more condensation force needed, easier to carve
Irregular - irregular shape particles (lathe-cut particles)

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33
Q

Which amalgam alloy needs the most amount of mercury?

A

Irregular - more spaces need to be filled by mercury

Spherical - least amount of mercury

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34
Q

Phases of amalgam reaction

A

Gamma phase (30% of amalgam)
silver + tin alloy
Strongest and corrodes least

Gamma-one phase (60% of amalgam)
Silver + mercury
Second strongest phase

Gamma-two phase (10%)
Tin + mercury
Weakest and softest
Corrodes the most
Prone to microporosities

Copper-tin phase
Decreased corrosion
Replaces gamma-two phase

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35
Q

Type of amalgam that almost completely eliminates gamma-two phase

A

High copper amalgam (>9% to 30% copper)

Remember: Low copper amalgam (<6% copper)

36
Q

Increased expansion of amalgam is related to:

A

Increase mercury
Short trituration time
Decrease condensation pressure (less mercury moves up, more mercury content)
Increase particle size
Moisture contamination (zinc)

37
Q

Gradual time-dependent dimensional change due to constant stress

A

Creep

38
Q

Chemical reactions between amalgam and local environment

A

Tarnish - thin layer of corrosion at the top of restoration, loss of luster of amalgam
Corrosion - formation of oxides resulting in weakening of the metal

39
Q

Advantage of corrosion byproducts of amalgam

A

Increased sealing properties
Ex. Tin sulfide

40
Q

Process of mixing an alloy with mercury

A

Trituration
Undertriturated - dull, rough, grainy, low strength

Properly triturated - shiny, wet, homogenous, optimal strength

Overtriturated - wet, sticky appearance, moderate strength

41
Q

What is the procedure in which amalgam is rubbed using the index finger and the thumb

A

Mulling

42
Q

Most common cause of amalgam chipping during carving

A

Carving after working time

43
Q

When there is ditching of amalgam resto, when is it indicated for replacement?

A

> 0.5mm depth of ditch

44
Q

How do you prevent ditching when amalgam carving

A

Resting the sharp instrument on the cusp while carving

45
Q

Distance from the margin of the mesial and distal wall to proximal surface must not be less than

A

Premolar: 1.6mm
Molars: 2mm

46
Q

Most difficult tooth to adapt a matrix band

A

Mesial of maxillary 1st premolar due to the mesial developmental depression

47
Q

Why is the matrix band extended occlusally when restoring class II cavities

A

To allow for overfilling

48
Q

Working end of cutting instrument is called? Non-cutting instrument?

A

Blade - cutting instrument
Nib - non-cutting instrument
Face - working surface of the nib or end part of nib

49
Q

Four unit formula for cutting instruments

A

W A L A
1st number - Width of blade (#÷10 = mm)
2nd number - angle of cutting edge: always > 50% (#% x 360)
3rd number - Length of blade (mm)
4th number - angle of blade: always less than 50% (#% x360)

50
Q

Three unit formula

A

W L A
W A L A
1st number - Width of blade (#÷10 = mm)
2nd number - Length of blade (mm)
3rd number - angle of blade: always less than 50% (#% x360)

Remember: for 3 unit formula, the
Cutting edge angle is 90°

51
Q

Used mainly to remove caries and refine internal walls of preparation

A

Excavators

52
Q

Creates retentive features, sharpening internal line angles

A

Ordinary hatchets

53
Q

For planing walls
Sharpening line angles especially in class iii and class v direct gold

A

Hoe

54
Q

Sharpening line angles
Creating retentive features
Enamel margin beveling
Combination of gingival margin trimmer and chisel
Mono angled only

A

Angle former

55
Q

Amalgam carving
Caries removal
Can be bin-angled or tripled angled

A

Cleioid and discoid (spoons)

56
Q

Types of chisel: carpenter’s chisel

A

Straight chisel

57
Q

Type of chisel: Wedelstaedt design

A

Slightly curved chisel

58
Q

Double angled chisel

A

Bin-angled

59
Q

For cutting and planing enamel surfaces

A

Enamel hatchets

60
Q

For beveling gingival enamel margins

A

Gingival marginal trimmer

61
Q

Most common filler used in composites

A

Colloidal silica

62
Q

Most common coupling agent

A

Silane

63
Q

Most common Resin matrix? Discovered by? Others?

A

BIS-GMA: bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bowen, 1962)
UEDMA: urethane dimethacrylate
TEGDMA: triethylene glycol dimethacrylate

64
Q

Effect of filler material to polymerization shrinkage

A

High filler (packable) = less PS
Less filler (flowable) = more PS

65
Q

Increment for composite

A

2-3mm

66
Q

Curing time for composite

A

2 cycles of 20 secs
*Faster the polymerization, the greater the shrinkage
*Darker shade needs more curing time

67
Q

Used to polish composites

A

Aluminum oxide

68
Q

Used to polish amalgam

A

Tin oxide
Zinc oxide

69
Q

Used to produce radiopacity (to provide contrast against secondary caries)

A

Barium
Zinc
Boron
Zirconium
Yttrium

70
Q

Substances that inhibit polymerization

A

Eugenol (oil of cloves)
Cavity varnish

71
Q

Greatest disadvantage of polymerization

A

Shrinkage

72
Q

Ratio of bonded surfaces to the unbonded surfaces

A

Configuration factor (c-factor)
Lower c factor, lower p.shrinkage, lower risk for debonding and microleakage

73
Q

C factor of cavity preps

A

I - 5:1 (5)
II - 4:2 (2)
III - 3:3 (1)
IV - 2:4 (0.5)
V - 5:1 (5)

74
Q

Purpose of etching

A

Reduce microleakage
Create microporosities for micromechanical retention
Removes smear layer
Conserves tooth structure
Increases surface energy which promotes wetting and adhesion
Cleanses surface

75
Q

Used for etching or conditioning

A

37% phosphoric acid (most common)
EDTA
maleic acid
Citric acid

76
Q

Beveling prior to etching is recommended due to:

A

Reduces microleakage
Improves esthetics
Improves bond strength (by exposing enamel rods)
Increases surface area

77
Q

Critical pH of dentin

A

6.2

78
Q

Discolored, corroded, superficial layer frequently seen on the surface of a dental amalgam resto is most likely a ____

A

Sulfide

79
Q

Latin name for enamel

A

Substantia adamantina

80
Q

Latin name for dentin

A

Substantia ebornea

81
Q

Latin name for cementum

A

Substantia ossea

82
Q

inhibitor of polymerization to prolong shelf life of monomer

A

hydroquinone (iba function neto sa developer -brings out contrast)

83
Q

initiator of heat cure polymer

A

benzoyl peroxide

84
Q

initiator of self cure polymer

A

bezoyl peroxide

85
Q

initiator of composite resin

A

benzoin methyl ether (use UV light)
Camphorquinone (visible light?)

86
Q

composition of dental amalgam alloys

A

silver - 70%
tin - 26%
copper - 3-5%
zinc 1%

Need To Recall (19 decks)

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