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Need To Recall > Histow > Flashcards

Histow Flashcards

1
Q

% composition of enamel? What is the main mineral component?

A

96% inorganic
Calcium phosphate aka Hydroxyapatite arranged in prisms
1% amelogenins (main protein) and enamelins contained in enamel tuft
3% water

*Dentin: 70% inorg
*cementum: 55% inorg (calcium salts)

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2
Q

Enamel prisms are arranged…

A

Approximately PERPENDICULAR to the dentin at the dentinoenamel junction following a wavy course towards enamel surface

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3
Q

Gnarled enamel vs straight enamel

A

Gnarled enamel - prisms are twisted in a random manner, located over cusps and ridges of premolars and molars, rarely fractures

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4
Q

Shallow, transverse, wavelike grooves visible under reflected light parallel to the CEJ, surface manifestation of the lines of Retzius

A

Perikymata / imbrication line of Pickerill
- encircles the surface of enamel on anatomic crown

Some sources: perikymata - cervical ridges
Imbrication lines - grooves between

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5
Q

Brown lines seen in ground sections at the enamel

A

Incremental striae (lines of Retzius)
-indicate variations in deposition of organic matter in enamel which later calcifies

Hypomineralized area

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6
Q

Line where enamel is being deposited at birth

A

Neonatal line
- represents accentuated lines of Retzius
- reflects metabolif changes at birth
-present in dentin

Enamel Internal to it: formed before birth and has fewer defects
Enamel External to it: formed after birth

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7
Q

Alternating light and dark bands seen under oblique reflected light in longitudinal ground sections

A

Hunter-Schreger bands - DEJ to external surface of enamel / inner 2/3 of enamel (due to periodic changes in the enamel prism direction)

LIGHT ZONE: PARAZONE
DARK ZONE: DIAZONE

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8
Q

Area of poorly calcified enamel that extend from outer surface into the tissue for variable distances

A

Enamel lamellae - sometimes completely through underlying dentin

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9
Q

Extension of adjacent odontoblastic processes that continue into enamel (left behind kasi)

A

Enamel spindles - various terminations (pointed, sharp, rounded)

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10
Q

Areas of hypocalcification in prisms and interprismatic material (calcification imperfections in enamel prisms) that starts at DEJ and penetrates into enamel

A

Enamel tufts - start at DEJ and penetrate into enamel about 1/3 of its thickness

Enamelin: organic material in enamel tufts

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11
Q

Some patients experience pain on tooth may be due to:
A. Enamel Tufts
B. Enamel lamellae
C. Enamel spindles
D. Striae of Retzius

A

C

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12
Q

Cause of sclerosis in dentinal tubules

A

Increase formation of peritubular dentin = decrease permeability

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13
Q

Optical phenomenon due to cyclic activity of the odontoblasts during dentin formation

A

Incremental lines of von Ebner (perpendicular to the dentinal tubules)

Sa DENTIN TO!!

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14
Q

Completion of radicular dentin formation

A

(closure of apex)
Primary: 18months after eruption
Permanent: 2-3yrs after eruption

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15
Q

Tomes fiber vs tomes process

A

Odontoblastic process: tomes fiber
Ameloblast extension: tomes process (responsible for enamel secretion)

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16
Q

Main bulk of dentin?

A

Intertubular dentin

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17
Q

Immediate wall material which is the peritubular dentin was previously called?

A

Sheath of Neumann

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18
Q

Type of dentin that lines the pulp?

A

Secondary dentin -can sometimes obliterate the pulp

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19
Q

Type of dentin that develops at localized sites stimulated by local irritation

A

Tertiary or reparative or irregular dentin

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20
Q

Type of dentin resulting from stimuli that causes calcification of the odontoblastic process

A

Sclerotic or transparent dentin - hypercalcification = harder and denser dentin

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21
Q

Seen where tome’s process has disintegrated

A

Dead tracts in dentin - black in transmitted light, white in reflected light

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22
Q

Location of cellular and acellular cementum

A

Acellular deposited slowly from CEJ to 2/3 of root

Cellular rapidly forms and predominantly in apical 3rd and furcations

Two types mingle in the apical 3rd of the root

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23
Q

Most common type of CEJ

A

Acellular cementum overlaps the cervical enamel (60%)
Cementum and enamel meet at a sharpt point (30%)
No direct connection (10%)

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24
Q

Involved in dentin formation that originates in the pulp

First sign of mantle dentin formation

A

Von Korff’s fibers - type 3 collagen fibers (reticular) + fibronectin

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25
Q

Calcospherites failed to fuse completely will result to?

A

Areas of dentin matrix with tubules that are incompletely calcified (interglobular dentin frequently near DEJ)

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26
Q

Principal fibers that can prevent rotation of the tooth and preclude occlusal displacement

A

Alveloar crest fibers - cervical cementum to alveolar crest

**Horizontal fibers can also check rotation of the tooth (cervical cementum horizontally to alveolar bone)

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27
Q

Principal fiber that prevents tooth from being forced into the socket

A

Oblique fibers - cementum occlusally to alveolar bone (obliquely), largest group

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28
Q

Fibers that prevent rotation of tooth by radiating out like a fan from the apical region of root

A

Apical fibers

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29
Q

Fibers that maintain the mesiodistal relations

A

Transseptal fibers

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30
Q

Alveolar process two regions: internal cancellous layer and lamina dura. Other name for lamina dura?

A

Cribriform plate - it contains many apertures for vessels coursing between the marrow cavities and the PDL

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31
Q

Type of bone that lines the socket after teeth have been subjected to stress

A

Bundle bone

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32
Q

periods of prenatal development

A

proliferative (0-2 weeks IU) least vulnerable
embryonic (2-8 weeks IU) most vulnerable
fetal (8 weeks-9 months)

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33
Q

16 cell zygote

A

morula

blastocysts is when there is a fluid filled center (yolk sac)

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34
Q

lines the primary yolk sac and aids implantation (becomes placenta)

A

trophoblast cells -digests endometrial cells

embryoblast will form bilaminar germ disk or embryonic disk (embryo proper)

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35
Q

two-layered disk

A

bilaminar germ disk or embryonic disk
becomes:
ectodermal layer: lines amniotic cavity
endodermal: lines yolk sac

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36
Q

before placenta forms, what provides nutrition of embryo? … through??

A

yolk sac through vitelline arteries

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37
Q

week when bilaminar becomes trilaminar disk? what is it called?

A

period of gastrulation
3rd week of gestation

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38
Q

gastrulation and neurulation events

A

3rd week
ectodermal layer thickens (neural plate) –> neural folds –> neural groove –> meets at the middle –> neural tube (brain and spinal cord)

migration of neural crest cells/ ectomesenchyme (from ectoderm) becomes face and teeth EXCEPT ENAMEL; gives rise to neural, endocrine, pigment cells, skeleton, CT of head and neck

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39
Q

when: heart begins to beat?

A

4th week

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40
Q

derivatives of ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

A

ectoderm
nervous system
sensory epithelium of eye, ear, nose
mammary and cutaneous glands
epithelium of the sinuses, oral and nasal cavities, intraoral glands
tooth enamel
CT of head and neck

mesoderm
muscles
CT derivatives (bone, cartilage, blood, PDL, cementum, pulp etc)

endoderm
GI tracct
lungs
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
urinary bladder

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41
Q

when is the neural tube formed/fused?

A

18 days - 20 days

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42
Q

when: facial development

A

3rd to 7th week IU

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43
Q

four major tissue masses for facial development

A

frontonasal process
LEFT AND RIGHT maxillary processes (PA1)
mandibular process (PA1)

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44
Q

3rd Week IU

A

rapidly developing brain + heart = embryo folds
*stomodeum - primitive mouth; bounded by frontal prominence and PA1
*presence of buccopharyngeal membrane (ectoderm and endoderm)
end of 3rd week: first PA has divided into right and left Maxillary process and mandibular process

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45
Q

separates the primitive mouth from the foregut

A

buccopharyngeal membrane - ecto and endoderm

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46
Q

4th week IU

A

buccopharyngeal membrane disintegrates
nasal pits on the frontonasal process –> median nasal process, left and right lateral process
heart begins to beat
tongue begins to develop

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47
Q

5th week IU

A

fusion of medial nasal process –> philtrum, middle of upper lip, **globular process* –> primary palate/premaxilla
lateral nasal process forms the ala of nose
eyes become prominent at the side
Md arch loses midline constriction

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48
Q

6th week IU

A

lateral growth of brain
broadening of face
upper lip forms (MxP + MNP)
6 auricular hillocks (hillocks of His) - from BA1 and BA2 (pharyngeal grooves?) –> external ear

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49
Q

7th week IU

A

eyes approach front of face
development of the secondary palate –> completed by 3rd month
maxi process –> two palatine shelves develop –> secondary palate
palatine shelves + nasal septum –> separation of oral and nasal cavities

PALATE DEVELOPMENT

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50
Q

what forms the upper lip??

A

Maxillary process + median nasal process

*failure of fusion = cleft lip

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51
Q

when and how: palate development

A

starts 7 weeks IU
palatal closure: approx 12 weeks

from globular process of MNP –> premaxilla/primary palate
from palatine shelves of L&R maxi process –> secondary palate

*FUSION OF PRIMARY is from posterior to anterior
*FUSION OF SECONDARY is from anterior to posterior
**may contact sa gitna kasii tas dun magstart magfuse

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52
Q

when and how: development of tongue

A

4 weeks IU
anterior 2/3
-right and left lateral swellings + tuberculum impar of (BA1)
posterior 1/3 - posterior to old buccopharyngeal membrane
-Copula (BA2) + hyprobranchial eminence (BA3 and BA4) –> eminence grows OVER copula (matatakpan)
-epiglottal swelling (BA4)

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53
Q

marks the development of epiglottis

A

posterior part of the 4th BA (epiglottal swelling

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54
Q

former location of thyroid gland

A

foramen cecum –> bababa thyroid with thyroglossal duct (parang string then mawawala)

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55
Q

facial and palatal clefts: critical period?

A

6th and 7th week IU

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56
Q

oblique facial cleft is the failure of fusion of?

A

lateral nasal process and maxillary process

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57
Q

bilateral cleft lip is the failure of fusion of?

A

median nasal process and left and right maxillary process

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58
Q

median cleft lip is the failure of fusion of?

A

left and right median nasal process at midline

*magkalayo ang median nasal process before kasi

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59
Q

lateral facial cleft is the failure of fusion of?

A

maxillary process and mandibular process

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60
Q

only BA that extend to the midline??

A

BA1 and BA2

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61
Q

How was the smooth surface of neck formed? when?

A

fusion of BA2 and BA5 to eliminate features of 2, 3, 4 BA

5th week!

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62
Q

BA1 structures?? (Mandibular arch)

A

Maxillary artery
Trigeminal nerve
MOMs
tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric
malleus, incus, sphenomandibular, Meckel’s
external ear, middle ear, eustachean tube

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63
Q

BA2 structures?? (hyoid)

A

hyoid artery, stapedial artery
facial nerve
MOF
stapedius, stylohyoid, POSTERIOR digastric
stylohyoid ligament
LESSER horn of hyoid
supratonsillar fossa

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64
Q

BA3 structures

A

internal carotid artery
glossopharyngeal nerve
stylopharyngeus
GREATER horn of the hyoid
INFERIOR parathyroid gland
thymus

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65
Q

BA4 structures

A

right subclavian artery
aorta
Vagus nerve
levator veli palatini
palatoglossus
pharyngeal constrictors
cricothyroid
SUPERIOR parathyroid gland

66
Q

from what B.A is the parafollicular cells from?

A

parafollicular cells of thyroid gland (calcitonin) is from BA5

67
Q

BA: hyoid??

A

both BA2 (lesser) and BA3 (greater horn)

68
Q

horseshoe shape that will correspond in position to the future dental arches (week??)

A

Primary epithelial band (6th week IU)
-invagination of the thickened band of oral epithelium into the ectomesenchyme (NCC)

69
Q

primary epithelial band will divide into?? contribute to?? (week??)

A

7th week
1. dental lamina - development of teeth
2. vestibular lamina - vestibule of mouth

70
Q

local thickening that develop within the dental lamina corresponding to the positions of the 20 primary teeth?

A

dental placodes - will proceed to the bud, cap, bell stage

*successional lamina - LINGUAL extensionn that will give rise to the succedaneous teeth

71
Q

three parts of tooth germ in the cap stage

A

enamel organ (from dental lamina) - enamel
dental papilla (from ectomesenchyme) - pulp-dentin complex
dental follicle (from ectomesenchyme) - cementum, pdl, alveolar process

72
Q

3 layers of enamel organ

A

outer enamel epithelium
inner enamel epithelium
stellate reticulum - between IEE OEE

*cap stage

73
Q

bell stage histodifferentation

A

IEE –> becomes pre-ameloblast –> urges adjacent cell to become pre-odontoblast –> mature odontoblast –> lays down uncalcified pre-dentin –> calcification of dentin induces –> maturation of ameloblast –> enamel deposition

74
Q

site of CEJ

A

Cervical loop - formed when IEE and OEE meets; gives rise to Hertwig’s and epithelial diaphragm

seen in Bell stage

75
Q

remnant of dental lamina entrapped within gingiva; important in pathology

A

cell rests of Serres

76
Q

signals site of future cusp tips

A

enamel knot

77
Q

First dentin formed is found at?

A

Incisal or cusp area

Towards cervical loop

78
Q

new layer of collagenous dentinal matrix laid down not yet mineralized

A

Predentin

79
Q

How many microns of dentin is deposited and mineralized?

A

During crown development and eruption:

4microns deposited in a 24 hr period
2microns mineralized in a 12 hr period

Period of function:
Less that 1 micron deposited per day

80
Q

First and outermost layer of dentin

A

Mantle dentin mineralized by globular mineralization aka calcospheric mineralization

81
Q

Succeeding layers formed after mantle dentin

A

Circumpulpal dentin (linear mineralization)

82
Q

Picket fence or saw tooth appearance between enamel and ameloblast

A

Tome’s process –> rod and interrod structure of enamel

**Ameloblastoma

83
Q

Very first and very last layer of enamel to be laid down

A

Prismless enamel

84
Q

Responsible for Maturation of enamel

A

Ruffle ended ameloblast: adds calcium

Smooth ended ameloblast: removes organic part

85
Q

Globular mineralization of mantle dentin

A

Von korff’s -> odontoblast secrete matrix vesicles which contain HAP crystals –> increase size of HAP –> HAP breaks out from vesicle –> touch each other pero may gaps (interglobular dentin)

86
Q

Contributes to the reduced enamel epithelium

A

IEE
OEE

*Stellate reticulum
*S. Intermedium

87
Q

How was hertwig’s root sheath formed

A

Aka epithelial root sheath

*Cells in the cervical loop (IEE + OEE) proliferate

88
Q

Acellular cementum that covers the ends of dentinal tubules and seals root surface

A

Intermediate cementum

89
Q

Remnants of HERS in PDL

A

Epitheloal cell rests of Malassez

90
Q

Uncalcified cementum? Secreted by?

A

Cementoid secreted by cementoblast that differentiated due to tooth follicle being in contact with the exposed root surface

91
Q

Area where root sheath bends at 45-degree angle

A

Epithelial diaphragm

92
Q

Responsible for the formation of multi-rooted teeth

A

Epithelial diaphragm -encircles apical opening of the dental pulp during root development

93
Q

Development of root

A

Cervical loop - HERS - odontoblast differentiation (inner) to form dentin - HERS deposit intermediate cementum - root sheath cells disperse away (Malassez) - mesenchymal cells differentiate to cementoblast - cementoid - cementum

94
Q

Eruptive movements phases

A
  1. Pre eruptive - movement made by primary and permanent tooth germs w/in tissues of jaw
  2. Eruptive - within crypt to functional position
  3. Functional eruptive /post eruptive
95
Q

Pre-eruptive movement of primary and permanent teeth (direction/location)

A

Primary - facial and occlusal or with growth of face

Developing permanent anterior - lingually near apical 3rd of primary

Developing permanent premolars - furcation of primary molars

Developing permanent molars
-upper molars: develop in Mx tuberosities occlusal surfaces slanting distally
-lower molars: develop in the base of mandibular rami withsurface slanting mesially

96
Q

When does the eruptive phase begin? First clinical sign?

A

Begins with the initiation of root formation and ends when the teeth reach occlusal contact

Emergence is the first clinical sign

97
Q

Contributes to the junctional epithelium

A

REE + oral epithelium

98
Q

Believed to guide teeth towards complete tooth eruption

A

Gubernacular cord aka gubernacular dentis contained in gubernacular canals

present on succedaneous teeth

99
Q

Delicate membrane that covers the entire crown of newly eruptive teeth (2 names and from what structure??)

A

Primary enamel cuticle aka Nasmyth’s membrane from reduced enamel epithelium. Removed by mastication

100
Q

Causes for functional eruptive / posteruptive phase

A

Accommodation of growth
Compensation for occlusal wear
Accommodation for interproximal wear

101
Q

Factors that can cause mesial drift (functional eruptive)

A

Anterior component of occlusal force
Contraction of transseptal ligament
Soft tissue pressures

102
Q

Contributes to the ruffled-border appearance that suggests resorption of primary tooth

A

Odontoclast

Causes of exfoliation: odontoclast and pressure from erupting successional teeth

Submerged teeth successional tooth does not exist

103
Q

Boundrary between rod and interrod enamel is delimited by a narrow space containing organic material called?

A

Rod sheath

104
Q

Predominant form of human enamel (cross section)

A

Pattern III: Keyhole pattern

Pattern I: Circular
Pattern II: aligned in parallel rows

105
Q

Represents 24-hour cycle of incremental growth of enamel

A

Cross striations (short term apposition)

106
Q

Represents incremental growth pattern of enamel over a week or 5-10 days (longitudinal and cross section???)

A

Enamel striae aka incremental lines of Retzius -Longer apposition

Longitudinal: oblique lines from DEJ to surface
Cross-sectional: concentric lines

107
Q

initiation
bud stage
cap stage
bell stage
appositional stage

happens in what week?

A

initiation = 6th week
bud = 8th week
cap = 9th week
bell = 11th week
appositional = 14th week

108
Q

defects that can occur due to abnormalities during the initiation stage?

A

anodontia or supernumerary

109
Q

defects that can occur due to abnormalities during the cap stage?

A

dens in dente, gemination, fusion, tubercles

110
Q

defects that can occur due to abnormalities during the appositional stage?

A

enamel dysplasia, concrescence, enamel pearls

111
Q

last layer of enamel secreted by ameloblast

A

Nasmyth membrane / primary enamel cuticle

112
Q

membrane between enamel organ and dental papilla, makes the DEJ

A

membrane performativa
-gives rise to shape of crown

113
Q

defects that can occur due to abnormalities during the bell stage?

A

dentinogenesis and amelogenesis imperfecta, micro/macrodontia

114
Q

mineralization stage takes ___ to complete

A

2 years; it starts at DEJ = first enamel and dentin is formed here

115
Q

composition of dentin

A

70% inorganic calcium hydroxyapatite crystals
20% organic (mostly type 1 collagen)
10% water

116
Q

directly underlies mantle dentin and comprises the bulk of the tooth’s primary dentin

A

circumpulpal dentin - contains smaller in diameter and more randomly oriented collagen fibers

*more mineralized than mantle dentin.

117
Q

reactionary vs reparative dentin

A

both are tertiary type of dentin
reactionary - from preexisting odontoblast and due to mild injury. tubular and continuous with primary and secondary dentin

reparative / osteodentin - newly differentiated odontoblast, more severe pulpal incure, atubular, deposited immediatedly adjacent to it

118
Q

path of dentinal tubules seen in ground sections

A

crown: S shaped
root: straight

*dentinal tubules are larger near the pulp, more surface area of dentin, and there’s increased number of tubules

119
Q

primary content of the dentinal tubule

A

Tome’s process

*if it dies or distintegrates, = empty dentinal tubules = dead tracts

120
Q

band of newly formed unmineralized matrix of dentin at the pulpal border of dentin adjacent to odontoblast

A

predentin

121
Q

dentin matrix that immediately surrounds the dentinal tubule (hyper or hypomineralized?)

A

peritubular dentin / intratubular dentin
hypermineralized collar –> if completely fills the tubules –> sclerotic dentin / transparent dentin / calcified dentin

122
Q

type of dentin located between and around the dentinal tubules

A

intertubular dentin (it is less calcified than peritubular dentin)

123
Q

zone between the peritubular and intertubular dentin (hyper or hypomineralized?

A

Sheath of Neuman

124
Q

represents the daily deposition of 4 micros of dentin. what is the counterpart in enamel and cementum?

A

incremental lines of von ebner
enamel - IL of retzius
cementum - IL of Salter

125
Q

results from the coincidence of secondary curvatures between dentinal tubules

A

contour lines of Owen

126
Q

hypomineralized region of dentin only present in the root; looping of terminal tubules

A

Granular layer of tomes

127
Q

four distinct zones of the pulp

A
  1. odontoblastic zone - processes extend into dentin; zone is more pronounced in the coronal pulp;
    in the rad pulp and furcation areas, odontoblasts are more cuboidal rather than columnar
  2. cell-free zone of Weil - contains capillaries, unmyelinated fibers; subodontoblastic plexus of Raschkow - present in coronal pulp
  3. cell-rich zone - contains lymphocytes, dendritic, macrophages
  4. pulp proper - blood vessels of the pulp, nerve endings
128
Q

most abuntant cells found in the dental pulp (and all cells found in the pulp)

A

fibroblast
odontoblast
undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells
macrophages (histiocytes or wandering cells) and dendritic cells

129
Q

Pain theories and the pulp-dentin complex

A
  1. direct innervation theory - nerves extend to DEJ
  2. transduction theory - odontoblastic process is the pain receptor that conducts pain to nerve endings presend in the pulp
  3. hydrodynamic theory / Brannstrom - pain is caused by stimuli that produce fluid movement and disturbs the odontoblastic processes within the dentinal tubules
130
Q

pulp changes with age

A

DECREASE in pulp size, cellularity, capability of repair
INCREASE in fibrosis, pulp stones/denticles (pulp chamber), diffuse calcifications (root canal)

true denticles - with dentinal tubules
false denticles - concentric layers of calcified tissue

131
Q

marker for areas where resorption may have occurred but cementum repair takes place to reverse effects

A

reversal lines

132
Q

first cementum to be deposited on the root

A

intermediate cementum / Hyaline layer of Hopewell Smith

formed by IEE of HERS
located between tome’s granular layer and primary cementum

133
Q

types of cementum

A

acellular cementum / primary cementum - initial layer of cementum deposited on the intermediate cementum - cervical 3rd

cellular/ secondary cementum - apical 3rd and interradicular regions of premolars and molars - associated with repair!!

134
Q

processes of the cementocytes that extend through narrow channels

A

canaliculi

135
Q

extrinsic fibers embedded into the cementum which run perpendicular to root surface

A

Sharpey’s fibers

intrinsic fiber - runs parallel to root surface produced by cementoblasts

136
Q

composition of alveolar bone

A

60% inorganic (hydroxyapatite crystals
25% organic (type 1 collagen)
5% water

137
Q

Alveolar process type of bone absent in the anterior region

A

trabecular or spongy bone

*red marrow - mostly in mandi
*yellow marrow - mostly in the maxi

138
Q

bone that lines the socket

A

bundle bone or cribriform plate

-XR: lamina dura

139
Q

width of the alveolar crest

A

determined by shape of adjacent teeth

narrow crest: between teeth with relatively flat surface
widened crest - teeth with convex surface or teeth with diastema

140
Q

principal collagen fibers embedded in the alveolar proper (bundle bone)

A

sharpey’s fibers

141
Q

composition of PDL

A

mostly collagen fibers
mostly type 1; some oxytalan fibers = regulation of vascular flow

142
Q

gingival fiber group that resists gingival displacement

A

circular / circumferential fibers - extends around the tooth at the level of the CEJ

143
Q

gingival fiber group that causes the relapse of rotated teeth

A

transseptal fibers - from cementum of one tooth to the adjacent tooth

144
Q

peridontal fiber group that resists vertical

A

interradicular group (furcation to alveolar bone proper)
apical group to resist extrusion / vertical
–
alveolar crest and oblique group - resist vertical and intrusive
-
Horizontal group to resist horizontal and tipping forces

145
Q

lamina propria layers

A

papillary layer - collagen are thin and loosely arranged with many capillary loops

reticular layer - deeper, thicker layer; collagen fibers are arranged in thick bundles

146
Q

orthokeratinized vs parakeratinized

A

ortho - no nucleus in s. CORNEUM
para - pyknotic nuclei in s CORNEUM

147
Q

Oral mucosa: areas covered with lining mucosa, masticatory mucosa, and specialized mucosa

A

lining mucosa: FOM, buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, lips, soft palate, ventral surface of tongue (epithelial ridges are fewer)

masticatory: hard palate, alveolar ridges, gingiva

specialized: dorsum of tongue

148
Q

only kind of specialized mucosa that is lined with keratinized epithelium

A

filiform papillae - tough, abrasive surface

149
Q

location of taste buds

A

trench of circumvallate
lateral walls of foliate
fungiform
mucosa of soft palate
epiglottis

150
Q

types of cells located in the taste bud

A

supporting cells / sustentacular cells - periphery of tase buds

neuroepithelial cells / gustatory cells / taset cells - elongated microvilli that project into the tase pore or shortened villi into the base of the pore; assoc with nerves

151
Q

contractile cells that surronds the ducs and acini. it contains myofilaments similar to smooth muscle fibers

A

myoepithelial cells aka basket cells

152
Q

differentiate serous cells, mucous cells, serous demilunes (other name)

A

serous - secretes zymogen granules - amylase - watery consistency

mucous - secretes muciin - viscous - lubricant

serous demilunes /Demilunes of Gianuzzi - terminal mucous cells with a cap of serous demilunes will secrete a mixed product

153
Q

INTRAlobular duct system

A

intercalated ducts - receives secretions from acini, simple cuboidal, saliva is isotonic, contributes lactoferrin and lysozyme

striated - main intralobular ductal component, simple columnar, receives secretions from intercalated, hypotonic (sodium reabsorption + K excretion)

interlobular excretory ducts - pseudostratified columnar cells (excretory ducts)

acini is simple cuboidal

154
Q

minor salivary glands in the peritonsillar region and type of secretion

A

weber’s gland - mucous

155
Q

minor salivary glands in the retromolar area

A

carmalt’s gland

156
Q

contents of dentinal tubules

A

odontoblastic process, periodontoblastic space (contains dentinal fluid), intratubular nerve (from plexus of Rashkow)

157
Q

nerve supply of pulp

A

rashkow’s plexus, sympathetic and afferent

158
Q

nerve supply, vascular, lymphatics of PDL

A

maxillary artery
trigeminal nerve
submandibular lymph nodes

159
Q

collagen type in the basement membrane

A

type IV and laminin

160
Q

areas in the oral mucosa where submucosa is not present

A

attached gingiva, hard palate, tongue

161
Q

The amount of collagen in a tissue can be determined by its?

A

Hydroxyglycine

Collagen contains AA: glycine, proline, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline

162
Q

Smallest neuron in the brain

A

Granule cells

Need To Recall (19 decks)

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