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Need To Recall > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Chondrogenesis.

Hormone is produced by?

A

Growth hormone

Acidophiles (anterior pituitary gland)

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2
Q

Protein anabolism

A

Growth hormone
Acidophiles (anterior pituitary hormone)

Testosterone and DHT
leydigs cell (seminiferous tubules)

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3
Q

Milk production in mammary gland
-is secreted by?

A

Prolactin
Acidophiles - anterior pituitary gland

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4
Q

Stimulates gametogenesis

A

FSH
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

Stimulates estrogen production

A

FSH
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

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6
Q

Stimulates androgen-binding protein

A

FSH - sertoli cells
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

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7
Q

Stimulates Ovulation

A

Luteinizing hormone
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

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8
Q

Stimulates formation of corpus luteum

A

Luteinizing hormone
Basophiles- anterior pituitary gland

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9
Q

Stimulates testosterone production

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

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10
Q

Produces cortisol

A

Zona fasciculata
Adrenal cortex - adrenal gland

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11
Q

Stimulates zona fasciculata to produce cortisol

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) / corticotropin

Basophiles- anterior pituitary gland

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12
Q

Produces T3 and T4

A

Thyroid gland (follicular cells)

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13
Q

Stimulates thyroid to produce T3 and T4

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) /Thyrotropin
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

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14
Q

Primary stress steroid hormone

A

Cortisol
Zona fasciculata - adrenal gland

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15
Q

Inhibits prolactin release

A

Dopamine/prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

Inhibits release of growth hormone

A

Somatostatin
Hypothalamus

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17
Q

Maintain high testosterone

A

Androgen-binding protein
Sertoli cells - tubules of testis

18
Q

Releases testosterone

A

Interstitial cells (leydig’s cell)
*Stimulated by LH

19
Q

When testosterone enters prostate gland, it is converted into?

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

20
Q

Results to secondary female characteristics

A

Estrogen
GnRH -> FSH -> ovaries, adrenal gland, adipose tissues

21
Q

Hormone for Thickening of endometrial lining

A

Primarily Progesterone then estrogen
Corpus luteum - ovaries

22
Q

Responsible for decline in FSH during menstrual cycle

A

Increase in estrogen, progesterone, inhibin (PIE from corpus luteum)

23
Q

Hormone for Uterine contractions? Where is it produced?

A

Oxytocin

Produced by paraventricular nuclei
Stored in posterior pituitary gland

24
Q

Increases reabsorption of water in the renal tubules

A

Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin

Supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus

25
Q

Effect of antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin on arterioles

A

Constricts arterioles -> increases BP

*h2o retention –> inc blood volume –> inc BP

26
Q

Neurotransmitter that inhibits motor

A

Dopamine - secreted by inhibitory neurons in the substantia nigra

major inhibitory: GABA

27
Q

Regulates sleep

A

Melatonin

-produced by pineal gland (epithalamus)
-converted FROM serotonin

28
Q

Positive feedback: Stretching of cervix

A

Ferguson reflex. Stretching stimulates oxytocin release

29
Q

Increases reabsorption of water in the renal tubules

A

Antidiuretic hormone particularly in the distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, collecting tubules

Produced by supraoptic nuclei (hypothalamus) stored in the posterior pituitary gland

*Aldosterone from zona glomerulosa

30
Q

Function of T3 and T4.

Secreted by?

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) increase
1. glucose breakdown,
2. fatty acid breakdown
3. Activity of epi
4. Metabolic function
5. Nervous system development
6. General body growth

Follicular cells of thyroid gland

31
Q

DECREASES blood calcium levels and what secretes it

A

calcitonin from parafollicular cells of thyroid

32
Q

Major blood calcium regulator?
Produced by?

A

Parathyroid hormone /parathormone / parathyrin produced by chief cells in parathyroid gland

33
Q

Parathormone effect

A

Increase calcium levels by
1. bone resorption
2. Increase calcitriol formation
3. Increase calcium tubular reabsorption in DCT

Decrease blood phosphate levels by increasing phosphate tubular excretion

34
Q

End product of RAAS

A

Aldosterone
-increases Na and H2O reabsorption in the CT/CD
-increases K and H excretion in CT/CD
-regulates blood pressure and blood volume

35
Q

Releases RENIN

Explain RAAS

A

Juxtaglomerular cells
Renin converts angiotensinogen (liver) to angiotensin I. ACE (lungs) convert I to angiotensin II.

Angio II stimulates blood vessels to constrict (inc BP) and zona glomerulosa to release aldosterone (acts on renal tubules and vasoconstriction)

36
Q

Synthesise, stores and secretes catecholamines

A

Adrenal medulla (made up of chromaffin cells)

Catecholamines: dopamine, norepi, epi (important for activation of sympathetic adrenergic receptors)

37
Q

Different cells of islets of langerhans (pancreas) and what they secrete

A

Alpha cells- glucagon
Beta cells- insulin
Delta cells- somatostatin
Gamma cells- polypeptides

38
Q

Effect of GH to glucose

A

Increase!
*Acromegaly

39
Q

Prevents milk secretion during pregnancy

A

High progesterone and estrogen

After birth: decreased - no prevention - sucking - stimulates oxytocin production

40
Q

Structure that produces progesterone

A

Corpus luteum and placenta (2nd trimester)

41
Q

Hormones that can affect DCT of kidney? Collecting tubules and collecting ducts?

A

DCT
Antidiuretic hormone - h2o reabsorption
Parathyroid hormone - Ca reabsorption, PO4 excretion

CT/CD
Aldosterone - Na reab, K excretion
ADH - h2o reab

42
Q

most important mediator of inflammation

A

histamine

produced primarily by mast cells

Need To Recall (19 decks)

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