Hormones Flashcards
Chondrogenesis.
Hormone is produced by?
Growth hormone
Acidophiles (anterior pituitary gland)
Protein anabolism
Growth hormone
Acidophiles (anterior pituitary hormone)
Testosterone and DHT
leydigs cell (seminiferous tubules)
Milk production in mammary gland
-is secreted by?
Prolactin
Acidophiles - anterior pituitary gland
Stimulates gametogenesis
FSH
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland
Stimulates estrogen production
FSH
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland
Stimulates androgen-binding protein
FSH - sertoli cells
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland
Stimulates Ovulation
Luteinizing hormone
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland
Stimulates formation of corpus luteum
Luteinizing hormone
Basophiles- anterior pituitary gland
Stimulates testosterone production
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland
Produces cortisol
Zona fasciculata
Adrenal cortex - adrenal gland
Stimulates zona fasciculata to produce cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) / corticotropin
Basophiles- anterior pituitary gland
Produces T3 and T4
Thyroid gland (follicular cells)
Stimulates thyroid to produce T3 and T4
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) /Thyrotropin
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland
Primary stress steroid hormone
Cortisol
Zona fasciculata - adrenal gland
Inhibits prolactin release
Dopamine/prolactin-inhibiting hormone
Hypothalamus
Inhibits release of growth hormone
Somatostatin
Hypothalamus
Maintain high testosterone
Androgen-binding protein
Sertoli cells - tubules of testis
Releases testosterone
Interstitial cells (leydig’s cell)
*Stimulated by LH
When testosterone enters prostate gland, it is converted into?
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Results to secondary female characteristics
Estrogen
GnRH -> FSH -> ovaries, adrenal gland, adipose tissues
Hormone for Thickening of endometrial lining
Primarily Progesterone then estrogen
Corpus luteum - ovaries
Responsible for decline in FSH during menstrual cycle
Increase in estrogen, progesterone, inhibin (PIE from corpus luteum)
Hormone for Uterine contractions? Where is it produced?
Oxytocin
Produced by paraventricular nuclei
Stored in posterior pituitary gland
Increases reabsorption of water in the renal tubules
Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin
Supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus
Effect of antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin on arterioles
Constricts arterioles -> increases BP
*h2o retention –> inc blood volume –> inc BP
Neurotransmitter that inhibits motor
Dopamine - secreted by inhibitory neurons in the substantia nigra
major inhibitory: GABA
Regulates sleep
Melatonin
-produced by pineal gland (epithalamus)
-converted FROM serotonin
Positive feedback: Stretching of cervix
Ferguson reflex. Stretching stimulates oxytocin release
Increases reabsorption of water in the renal tubules
Antidiuretic hormone particularly in the distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, collecting tubules
Produced by supraoptic nuclei (hypothalamus) stored in the posterior pituitary gland
*Aldosterone from zona glomerulosa
Function of T3 and T4.
Secreted by?
Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) increase
1. glucose breakdown,
2. fatty acid breakdown
3. Activity of epi
4. Metabolic function
5. Nervous system development
6. General body growth
Follicular cells of thyroid gland
DECREASES blood calcium levels and what secretes it
calcitonin from parafollicular cells of thyroid
Major blood calcium regulator?
Produced by?
Parathyroid hormone /parathormone / parathyrin produced by chief cells in parathyroid gland
Parathormone effect
Increase calcium levels by
1. bone resorption
2. Increase calcitriol formation
3. Increase calcium tubular reabsorption in DCT
Decrease blood phosphate levels by increasing phosphate tubular excretion
End product of RAAS
Aldosterone
-increases Na and H2O reabsorption in the CT/CD
-increases K and H excretion in CT/CD
-regulates blood pressure and blood volume
Releases RENIN
Explain RAAS
Juxtaglomerular cells
Renin converts angiotensinogen (liver) to angiotensin I. ACE (lungs) convert I to angiotensin II.
Angio II stimulates blood vessels to constrict (inc BP) and zona glomerulosa to release aldosterone (acts on renal tubules and vasoconstriction)
Synthesise, stores and secretes catecholamines
Adrenal medulla (made up of chromaffin cells)
Catecholamines: dopamine, norepi, epi (important for activation of sympathetic adrenergic receptors)
Different cells of islets of langerhans (pancreas) and what they secrete
Alpha cells- glucagon
Beta cells- insulin
Delta cells- somatostatin
Gamma cells- polypeptides
Effect of GH to glucose
Increase!
*Acromegaly
Prevents milk secretion during pregnancy
High progesterone and estrogen
After birth: decreased - no prevention - sucking - stimulates oxytocin production
Structure that produces progesterone
Corpus luteum and placenta (2nd trimester)
Hormones that can affect DCT of kidney? Collecting tubules and collecting ducts?
DCT
Antidiuretic hormone - h2o reabsorption
Parathyroid hormone - Ca reabsorption, PO4 excretion
CT/CD
Aldosterone - Na reab, K excretion
ADH - h2o reab
most important mediator of inflammation
histamine
produced primarily by mast cells
