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Need To Recall > ProsthoMat > Flashcards

ProsthoMat Flashcards

1
Q

Eugenol effect?
eugenol is extracted from?

A

obtundent effect / relief
from oil of cloves

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2
Q

more stable technique to soften the impression compound

A

dry heat - best for the material

water bath - more convenient, best for patient and dentist

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3
Q

elastic impression material with the least tear strength

A

Hydrocolloids

(reversible > irrev)

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4
Q

ability of material to change its form based on temperature

A

Hysteresis - only seen in reversible hydrocolloids (agar)
a. Liquefaction - gel to sol (boiling)
b. gelation - sol to gel

*imbibition - absorbs water
syneresis - releases water

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5
Q

components of reversible hydrocolloids? principal component

A

water (85%) - principal
agar (15%) (sometimes w/ borax)

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6
Q

effect of borax to dental materials

A

+gypsum = retarder
+agar = hardener

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7
Q

least dimensionally stable impression material, shortest setting time and least expensive

A

irreversible hydrocolloids (alginate)

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8
Q

components of irreversible hydrocolloids? principal component? major component?

A

sodium alginate/potassium alginate - reactor (major)
calcium sulfate - reactor
diatomaceous earth/silica - filler (50~% principal component)
sodium phosphate - retarder

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9
Q

ways to decrease setting time of alginate

A

increase water temp
mix rapidly
decrease water to powder ratio (thicker consistency)

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10
Q

1st elastomer (3 names)

A

polysulfide, mercaptan, thiokol

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11
Q

Composition of polysulfide

A

BASE - white
liquid poly sulfide polymer 80-85%
fillers - carbonate, silica, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfate, copper

ACCELERATOR - brown/gray
lead dioxide - 60-68% (an alternative will be hydroperoxide)
dibutyl phthalate - 30-35%
sulfur - 3%
others - 2%

lead dioxide causes stain and foul odor

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12
Q

characteristics of polysulfide

A

longest setting time (12 mins) foul odor in not usually tolerated
messy to work with (viscous and sticky)
stains and emits foul odor (lead dioxide)
greatest tear strength
hydrophobic

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13
Q

least dimensionally stable among the elastomers

A

condensation silicones / conventional silicones

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14
Q

Characteristics of condensation silicone

A

has a byproduct - ethyl alcohol –> can cause shrinkage
pleasant odor
hydrophobic
least dimensionally stable among the elastomers

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15
Q

composition of condensation silicone

A

BASE
polydimethyl siloxane
colloidal silica / metal oxide filler - 35 -75 %

ACCELERATOR
orthoethyl silicate - cross linking agent
stannous octoate - catalyst

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16
Q

composition of addition silicone (PVS)

A

BASE
poly (methyl hydrogen siloxane)
fillers
prepolymers

ACCELERATOR
divinyl polysiloxane
platinum salt - catalyst (chloroplatinic acid)
palladium - hydrogen absorber
retarders
fillers

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17
Q

characteristics of addition silicone

A

pleasant odor
excellent reproduction details
most dimensionally stable (up to 2 weeks)
hydrophobic
emits hydrogen gas
avoid latex gloves (contains sulfur) –> retards setting

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18
Q

plasticizer of polyether

A

glycoether or phthalate

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19
Q

cross linking agent of polyether? condensation silicone?

A

P - aromatic sulfonate ester
CS - orthoethyl silicate

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20
Q

characteristics of polyether

A

extremely stiff
very difficult to remove from mouth
hydrophilic
best compatibility with stone
very expensive

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21
Q

rank dimensional stability of elastomers

A

Addition silicone > polyether > polysulfide > condensation silicone

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22
Q

types of gypsum

A

type 1 - impression plaster
type 2 - dental plasters
type 3 - dental stone
type 4 - improved stone (die stone)
type 5 - high strength dental stone, high expansion

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23
Q

how is gypsum manufactured?

A

heating gypsum loses part of its water
calcium sulfate dihydrate –> calcium sulfate hemihydrate
calcination

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24
Q

differentiate the two hemihydrates

A

plaster - open kettle >100C - irregular particles, porous
stone - closed kettle or steamed under pressure > 100C - regular particles (prismatic), lesser porosity (denser)

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25
Q

How to create improved type of stones

A

gypsum is calcined by boiling it in 30% calcium chloride –> very dense , lesser pores

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26
Q

gypsum accelerators

A

gypsum, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride (2%)

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27
Q

gypsum retarders

A

HIGH CONC of sodium chlodride (>2%) and sodium sulphate, borax acetates, citrates, tartrates, blood

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28
Q

increases the setting expansion of the gypsum

A

adding NaCl and ground gypsum

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29
Q

allowing the gypsum product to set while it is in contact with water

A

hygroscopic expansion

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30
Q

placing gypsum investment mould in a furnace at a temp lower than 700C

A

thermal expansion

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31
Q

linear expansion of gypsum during setting due to outward thrust of the growing crystals

A

setting expansion

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32
Q

allows investment material to expand

A

casting ring liner

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33
Q

a channel where metal or plastic can flow towards a mold

A

sprue

*sprue former - wax, plastic or metal to possible create a sprue

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34
Q

attaching a sprue former into wax pattern and mounting it ina sprue base/ crucible former

A

Spruing

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35
Q

process of enveloping or covering an object in order to create a mold

A

investing

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36
Q

a ceramic material suitable for forming a mould into which a metal or alloy is cast. Components??

A

Investment material
1. binder (gypsum bonded -for gold alloys and other low fusing, phosphate bonded, silica-bonded)
2. refractory material - resists melting of the investmetn

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37
Q

flushing out of wax pattern and creating a mould. Place in a burn-out furnace

A

Burn-out

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38
Q

process of forming an object in a mould

A

casting

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39
Q

type of sprue that can cause casting porosity? incomplete casting?

A

casting porosity - short sprue
incomplete casting - long sprue

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40
Q

zone of the flame used in casting dental alloys

A

reducing zone (torch flame)

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41
Q

Common natural waxes used to create dental waxes

A

paraffin wax, beeswax, carnauba wax

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42
Q

types of waxes and their uses

A
  1. pattern wax - inlay, onlay, crowns, rpd wax
  2. processing wax - boxing wax, sticky wax, utility wax
  3. corrective wax - bite wax
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43
Q

Malleability vs ductility

A

malleability - ability to be hammered into thin sheets
ductility - can be shaped without fracturing

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44
Q

noble metal that corrodes in the oral cavity

A

silver

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45
Q

it has the highest CTE/COTE among all dental materials

A

waxes

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46
Q

best way to prevent warpage of wax pattern

A

invest immediately; if unable, refrigerate –> then cool to room them before investing

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47
Q

Noble metals are used because they resist corrosion in the mouth. examples?

A

gold, platinum, palladium

others: rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, silver

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48
Q

most malleable, most ductile, best restorative material, and has the closest properties to tooth

A

Gold

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49
Q

most common anti-flux

A

soft graphite pencil

*to restrict flow of solder

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50
Q

ADA classificiation of dental alloys according to nobility

A
  1. high noble metal alloys / Precious metal (>40% gold, >60% noble metal)
  2. noble metal alloys (semi precious
    (>25% noble metal)
  3. predominantly base metal / Non-precious
    (<25% noble metal)
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51
Q

Classification of dental alloys according to strength and percentage elongation

A

type 1 - soft : small inlays, class III, V
type 2 - medium : large inlays, onlays
type 3 - hard : crowns & bridges
type 4 - extra hard : denture framework

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52
Q

resistance to breaking under compression? under tension? under horizontal forces?

A

compressive strength
tensile strength
shear strength

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53
Q

Stress value just above the proportion limit which there is permanent deformation

(Dmf: most important, resistance to permanent deformation)

A

yield strength

*ultimate strength - maximum stress before fracturing

54
Q

high modulus of elasticity means

A

material is rigid/stiff

55
Q

important for wear characteristics and finishing

(UP: resistance to indentation)

A

hardness

56
Q

change in length per 1 degree celsius change in temp

A

CTE

57
Q

fusion temp for soldering

A

100 - 150 degree F

58
Q

optimal space for solder

A

0.25mm

59
Q

function of flux

A

improve flow of solder and dissolves oxides, prevent contamination

60
Q

components of conventional dental porcelain

A

feldspar - principal component
quartz - refractory skeleton that provides strength and hardness durinng firing
Kaolin - binder

61
Q

property that makes a material brittle

A

high compressive strength, low plastic deformation

62
Q

three dimensions of color

A

Hue - color
chroma - saturation of hue
value - lightness / blackness / whiteness

value is the most important dimension in dental restorations

63
Q

best light source

A

sunlight / natural light (10am to 2pm)

64
Q

phenomenon in which 2 objects appear to be the same color in a specific light source and appears different in another light source

A

metamerism

65
Q

oldest luting cement

A

Zinc phosphate / Zn oxyphosphate / crown and bridge cement (ADA 8)

66
Q

application of Zinc phosphate (ADA 8)

A

luting of restorations
high strength base
temporary restoration
luting of orthodontic bands and brackets

67
Q

characteristics of zinc phosphate cements (ADA 8)

A

mechanical retention (NO CHEMICAL BOND TO TOOTH)
very acidic when freshly mixed (pH 3.5)
rapid setting time

68
Q

ADA spec of amalgam, inlay wax, gold

A

amalgam #1
inlay wax #4
gold #5

69
Q

least irritating of all dental cements

A

zinc oxide eugenol (ADA 30)

70
Q

solubility of set cement is highest among the cements

A

zinc oxide eugenol (ADA 30)

71
Q

components of MODIFIED ZOE

A

zinc oxide
eugenol
ethoxy benzoic acid (EBA)

72
Q

Classification of ZOE (ADA 30)

A

type 1 - temporary cement
type 2 - permanent cement
type 3 - temporary filling and thermal insulation (IRM)
type 4 - cavity liners

73
Q

characteristics of zinc oxide eugenol cements (ADA 30)

A

do not adhere well to enamel and dentin
low strength
highest solubility of set cement
biocompatible (obtundent effect)
excellent thermal insulator
bacteriostatic
inhibits polymerization of resin

74
Q

seals dentinal tubules and inhibit resin setting

A

cavity varnish

75
Q

liquid of zinc polycarboxylate (ADA 61)

A

polyacrylic acid or copolymer of acrylic acid

76
Q

application of zinc polycarboxylate (ADA 61)

A

primarily as a luting cement
base and liners

77
Q

1st cement discovered that chemically bonds to tooth structure

A

zinc polycarboxylate (ADA 61)

78
Q

characteristics of zinc polycarboxylate (ADA 61)

A

adheres to tooth structure
mild pulpal response
acidic (3 - 4)
faster setting than zinc phosphate

79
Q

components of silicate cements (ADA 9)

A

powder -silica
liq - phosphoric acid

80
Q

application of silicate cements (ADA 9)

A

esthetic resto of anterior teeth
intermediate resto in px with HIGH CARIES rate

81
Q

1st tooth colored cement and 1st fluoride releasing cement

A

silicate cements (ADA 9)

82
Q

has the lowest CTE among any restorative material

A

silicate cements (ADA 9)

83
Q

most acidic cement when freshly mixed

A

silicate cements (ADA 9)

84
Q

most soluble cement within the first 24 - 48 hrs

A

silicate cements (ADA 9)

85
Q

powder composition of GIC / aluminosilicate cement

A

silica - principal comp
alumina
alumina fluoride
calcium fluoride
sodium fluoride
aluminum phosphate

86
Q

liquid composition of GIC / aluminosilicate cement

A

polyacrylic acid - principal comp
itaconic acid
maleic acid
tricarballylic acid
tartaric acid
water

87
Q

least soluble cement

A

GIC

*technique sensitive
*sensitive to air and water

88
Q

GIC classifications

A

type 1 - luting
2 - resto
3 - liners and base
4 - fissure sealants
5 - orthodontic cement
6 - core build up
7 - fluoride release
8 - ART
9 - pediatric purpose

89
Q

Classes of articulators

A

1 - simple hinge - vertical motion
2 - standard mean value - horizontal and vertical but not oriented to TMJ
3 - semi-adjustable - stimulates condylar pathways (protrusion, lateral excursion)
4 - fully adjustable - 3 dimensional dynamic registration

90
Q

arcon vs non-arcon artic

A

articulating condyle
-upper member: mech fossa
-lower member: mech condyle

non-arcon
-upper member: mech condyle
-lower member: mech fossa
Mx ang gumagalaw

91
Q

Facebow records what?

A

Patients maxilla/hinge axis relationship.

Mx arch to an anatomic reference

Arbitrary vs kinematic

92
Q

AVE Condylar angle

A

30

93
Q

Used to approximate the condylar inclination

A

Protrusive record
-produces christensens phenomenon

94
Q

Used to determine the bennett angle

A

Lateral excursion record

Ave of 15 degrees formed by the condyle on the balancing side

95
Q

Used as reference to establish occlusal plane

A

Interpupillary line
Camper’s line (ala to tragus, foxplane)

96
Q

Differentiate the compensating curves

A

Curve of spee - anteroposterior curve - md canine to buccal cusp of posterior teeth (steeper condylar inclination, steeper spee)

Curve of wilson - mediolateral curve

Monson curve - ideal curve for occlusion. Combination. Post teeth and incisal of anteriors are aligned within an 8 inches sphere with glabella as center

97
Q

Space in between mx and md when the mandible is at rest

A

Freeway space = VDR - VDO
2-4mm average

Aka interocclusal distance

98
Q

Maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyle articulates with the thinnest avascular portion of disk with the complex in the most superior and anterior position against artitular eminence

A

Centric relation -purely rotational movement, no bearing ang tooth or VD

-old der: most superior posterior position of condyle, ligament-related?

99
Q

Complete intercuspation of opposing teeth independent of condylar position

A

Maximum intercuspal position

100
Q

Occlusion of teeth when md is in CR

A

Centric occlusion

101
Q

Position of the md at physiologic rest

A

Rest position - muscle guided position

102
Q

Differentiate inflammatory papillary hyperplasia and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia

A

Papillary - located at the palatal tissue, ill fitting denture kept at night, tx. Reconstruct denture/removal

Fibrous -epulis, ill fitting denture

103
Q

Types of patient

A
  1. Philosophical - accepts dentist judgement and instruction
  2. Exacting - methodical and demanding
  3. Indifferent - doest care
  4. Hysterical - emotionally unfit to wear dentures
104
Q

Direction of ridge resorption

A

Mx - superior and posterior or superior and inward (constrict)

Md - inferior and anterior or inferior and outward (widen)

105
Q

What is the vibrating line

A

Imaginary line demarcating the movable and immovable tissues of soft palate

106
Q

Posterior border of mx cd that puts pressure on the displaceable tissue near the junction of hard and soft palate

A

Posterior palatal seal (denture base)

Seen in the cast as post dam

107
Q

When to reline immediate denture

A

6months and 12 months (some sources: 5 and 10)

108
Q

Burning sensation in md ridge may be due to? On the palatal area?

A

Pressure on mental foramen - md ridge

Pressure on incisive foramen - palatal area

109
Q

Clicking of denture teeth may be due to?

A

Excessive VDO, porcelain teeth, habit of patient

110
Q

Causes of cheek biting

A

Not enough horizontal overlap of posterior teeth, insufficient VDO

111
Q

What is kelly syndrome

A

Combination syndrome
- completely edentulous mx
- class I RPD

Results to mx anterior segment resorption

112
Q

mandibular major connectors

A

Lingual bar - 3-4 away from gingival margin, 4mm thick

Lingual plate - kennedy blanket - less than 7 functional depth, high frenal attachment, extensive class I case

Kennedy bar/continuous bar/ double lingual bar

Labial bar - severe inclination

Swing lock - major connector on both lingual and labial can be also called as ‘labial bar’

113
Q

Maxillary major connectors

A

Palatal strap - >=8mm thickness
APPC - most commonly used
Palatal plate - severe class I
U-shaped/ horse-shoe - least desirable, least rigid type

114
Q

Location of minor connectors

A

Embrasure

115
Q

Components and dimensions of direct retainer

A
  1. Retentive component - terminal/flexible 3rd - 0.5mm to 1mm; gingival 3rd
    Semi-rigid - 1.5mm
    Rigid - 2mm
  2. Reciprocal component - junction of gingival 3rd and mid 3rd or above the survey line
  3. Rest
    Occlusal - spoon shape/rounded triangular - 1/3 BL, 1/3 MD, 1.5 deep (molars)
    Cingulum - MD: 3mm, LL: 2mm, depth 1.5mm
    Incisal - MD: less than 2.5 mm, depth 1.5mm
116
Q

Minimum encirclement of retentive clasp assembly

A

More than 180

117
Q

Ante’s law

A

Surface area of the roots of abutment teeth should equal or exceed the surface area of the roots of the teeth to be replaced

118
Q

Biologic width

A

2.04mm
JE : 0.97mm
CT: 1.07mm

119
Q

Best? Minimum? Optimum crown root ratio?

A

Best: 1:2
Minimum: 1:1
Optimum: 2:3

120
Q

Preserved surface for 7/8 crowns

A

Mesiobuccal

Mx premolars and 1st molars

121
Q

Retraction cords

A

0.8% epinephrine causes vasoconstriction
Potassium aluminum sulfate
Aluminum chloride - if greater than 10% tissue destruction
40% zinc chloride - tissue necrosis
Ferric sulfate - good hemostatic agent, discolors tissue temporarily

122
Q

Pontics

A

Ridge lap
Modified ridge lap
Sanitary (fish belly, ferrel)
Bullet/conical
Ovate

123
Q

Process of Changing the rubber base product into final rubber like material

A

Curing or vulcanization

124
Q

Mercaptan is a compound containing

A

Sulfide group

125
Q

Process of growing or lengthening of polymer bec of lead peroxide in the presence of sulfur

A

Polymerization (liq to solid)

126
Q

Optimum thickness of material between the teeth and side of tray

A

2-3mm

127
Q

Reactor used to polymerize silicone

A

Organic tin / tin octoate

128
Q

Reactor in alginates

A

Calcium sulfate

*alginate + calcium sulfate = calcium alginate

129
Q

Oxidizing agents used in the polymerization of polysulfide impression material

A

Hydroperoxide
Lead peroxide

130
Q

Zinc polycarboxylate cement reaction

A

Chelation reaction

Need To Recall (19 decks)

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