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BIOL 436 > Resting Membrane Potential > Flashcards

Resting Membrane Potential Flashcards

1
Q

What is a capacitor? What is the cell equivalent?

A

A capacitor separates and stores charge. The lipid bilayer could be considered a capacitator.

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2
Q

What is the charge on the outside vs inside of the cell membrane?

A

The inside is negative, the outside is positive.

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3
Q

Is potassium higher inside or outside the cell?

A

Inside

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4
Q

Is sodium higher inside or outside the cell?

A

Outside

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5
Q

Is calcium higher inside or outside the cell?

A

Outside

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6
Q

Is chloride higher inside or outside the cell?

A

Outside

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7
Q

What is electrical signaling?

A

short changes in the membrane potential due to current flow through ion channels

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8
Q

What determines the direction of current flow?

A

the net movement of the positive charge

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9
Q

Depolarization vs Hyperpolarization

A

decrease vs increase in charge separation

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10
Q

How is uneven ion distribution across the membrane achieved?

A

Sodium potassium pumps and ion channels

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11
Q

What ions are neurons permeable to?

A

K, Na, Cl

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12
Q

What ions are glial cells permeable to?

A

K

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13
Q

What are the two opposing driving forces for where ions travel?

A

chemical driving force and electrical driving force

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14
Q

What is the chemical driving force?

A

Concentration gradient

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15
Q

What is the electrical driving force?

A

electrical potential difference

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16
Q

What is the equilibrium potential?

A

The difference in electrochemical potential at which there is no net movements of ion X

17
Q

How do you determine equilibrium potential?

A

Nernst Equation

18
Q

What is the limitation of Nernst Equation?

A

only applies to single ions that can move through the membrane without changes in permeability

19
Q

What does the presence of Na channels do the membrane?

A

It slightly depolarizes the membrane

20
Q

T/F: Potassium outward current is balanced by sodium inward current

A

True

21
Q

T/F: Typical neuronal membrane has a potassium permeability that is 1-10% of the sodium permeability

A

False: other way around

22
Q

What determines flux of ions?

A

Electrochemical driving force and the membrane conductance

23
Q

What is the electrochemical driving force?

A

The difference between membrane potential and equilibrium potential of that ion

24
Q

If electrochemical driving force is positive, do positive ions enter or leave the cell?

A

They leave the cell

25
Q

What is the Goldman Equation?

A

Describes the steady state condition of neuronal membranes at rest

26
Q

Who formulated the “membrane hypothesis”?

A

Julius Bernstein

27
Q

Who worked with giant squid axons?

A

Hodgkin, Huxley, and Katz

28
Q

How did Hodgkin, Huxley, and Katz find the ratios for ion permeabilities?

A

They used the Goldman equation

29
Q

Why do we have the simplified Goldman equation?

A

The Goldman equation does not describe the resting membrane potential fully accurately. it does not factor in the sodium potassium pump

30
Q

What represents conductance in a cell?

A

leak channel

31
Q

What represents a battery in the cell?

A

electrochemical gradient

32
Q

T/F: The passive sodium inward current is equal in size to the active sodium outward current, but 1.5x the size of the passive potassium outward current.

A

True

33
Q

T/F: Chloride has a major contribution to setting the value the resting membrane potential.

A

False: It has a minor contribution, it stabilizes. K has major contribution.

34
Q

What determines the resting membrane potential?

A

Equilibrium potential of individual ions and their permeability. (Since K has highest permeability is has largest influence)

BIOL 436 (33 decks)

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