Neurons

Question 1

What is the main signaling unit in the nervous system?

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

What are the 2 main cell types in the nervous system?

Answer 2

Neurons and glial cells

Question 3

T/F: Neurons have the same organelles as other cells

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What does it mean for a neuron to be postmitotic?

Answer 4

It can no longer divide once it is differentiated

Question 5

What are the different parts of a neuron?

Answer 5

Dendrite, Cell Body, Axon, Presynaptic Terminal

Question 6

What does the cell body of a neuron do?

Answer 6

It stores DNA in the nucleus and synthesis proteins in the ER, Golgi

Question 7

What does the dendrite of a neuron do?

Answer 7

It receives information

Question 8

What does the axon of a neuron do?

Answer 8

It conducts information

Question 9

What does the presynaptic terminal of a neuron do?

Answer 9

It converts electrical signal into a chemical signal

Question 10

Who is the “father of modern neuroscience”

Answer 10

Ramon y Cajal

Question 11

What did Ramon y Cajal’s silver staining show?

Answer 11

He used Gogli’s silver staining technique to show that neurons are single cells that do not form a syncytium

Question 12

What are Cajal’s major contributions to neuroscience?

Answer 12

1. Neuron doctrine 2. Principle of polarization 3. Principle of connectional specificity 4. Neurons have distinct shapes

Question 13

What are the different shapes of neurons?

Answer 13

Unipolar, Bipolar, Pseudo-unipolar, Multipolar

Question 14

T/F: The more elaborate the dendritic branches, the more complex functions are mediated by the neuron

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What techniques are used for identifying neurons and connections?

Answer 15

Golgi silver staining, Injection of fluorescent markers, Green fluorescent cent protein (GFP) expression, Labeling specific neurons using immunocytochemistry

Question 16

What are the different classification of neurons based on how information is transmitted?

Answer 16

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons

Question 17

What are the 4 signaling components of neurons

Answer 17

Input component, trigger component, conductive component, output component

Question 18

Sensory Neuron

Answer 18

receive information from periphery

Question 19

Motor Neurons

Answer 19

sends information to the periphrey

Question 20

What determines the frequency of action potentials?

Answer 20

Stimulus intensity

Question 21

What determines the number of action potentials?

Answer 21

Duration of stimulus

Question 22

What are the principles of electrical signaling?

Answer 22

1. Neurons use both electrical and chemical signals. 2. Electrical signals are changes in membrane potential 3. Universality 4. Information specificity

Question 23

What are local graded potentials?

Answer 23

They are electrical signals that are produced by stimuli opening a gated channel. They are local, have small amplitude changes, graded, variable duration, and passive propagation.

Question 24

What are action potentials?

Answer 24

They are electrical signals that have large amplitude changes in a short amount of time. They travel long distances and undergo active propagation.

Question 25

What does it mean for a neuron to be polarized?

Answer 25

It means there is asymmetry in the distribution of cellular components (cellular polarity).