Respitory system part 1

Question 1

how many breathes do humans take each day

Answer 1

17000 - 29000

Question 2

how many breathes do humans take over a life time

Answer 2

500 to 750 million

Question 3

what is in the air we breathe

Answer 3

78% N, 21% O, 1% Ar, .04% CO2 and other trace gasses

Question 4

what is aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 4

series of chemical reactions that provide energy and consume oxygen

Question 5

equation for cellular respiration

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 🡺 6CO2 +6H2O + energy

Glucose+Oxygen →cardon dioxide + water + energy

Question 6

how much of the energy released in cellular respiration thermal

Answer 6

64% which helps maintain body temp

Question 7

what is the reamining 36% of energy used for

Answer 7

stored in molecules called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 8

how is ATP formed

Answer 8

Formed when energy from the breakdown of glucose is used to attach a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This is know as phosphorylation.

Question 9

how much ATP is in each glucose molecule

Answer 9

36 ATP in cellular repiration

Question 10

what is ATP used for

Answer 10

powering all energy based processes

Question 11

how does the energy for these processes occur

Answer 11

The energy for these processes comes when ATP reacts with other molecules reforming ADP and a phosphate group.

Question 12

what is gas exchange

Answer 12

the process by which oxygen diffuses into the body cells and carbon dioxide out the cells.

Question 13

how does gas exchange work in simple organisms

Answer 13

O2 diffuses directly from the environment through the cell membrane and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

Question 14

how does gas exchange work in multicellular animals

Answer 14

they obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide via specialized organ systems.

Question 15

parts of the respritory system

Answer 15

nasal passages, pharynx (crossroad for food and air), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchioles, & alveoli.

Question 16

breathing vs. respiration

Answer 16

breathing is the physical movement of air (inhaling & exhaling). resperation is the chemical exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 17

where does gas exchange occur

Answer 17

lungs and body cells

Question 18

how does gas exchange work in the lungs

Answer 18

oxygen diffuses from the air into the bloodstream. Oxygen is transported through the bloodstream and diffuses into cells.

Question 19

how does gas exchange work in the lungs

Answer 19

cells are surrounded by tissue fluid .Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the tissue fluid then into the cells. Carbon dioxide is transported through the bloodstream to the lungs where it diffuses into the air.

Question 20

what is ventalation

Answer 20

the process that ensures a flow of oxygen rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide rich air away from the lungs

Question 21

how much air is captured when you take a deep breathe

Answer 21

3 - 4L

Question 22

4 important structural features in the respritory system

Answer 22

1. Thin permeable respiratory membrane through which diffusion can occur.
2. Large surface area for gas exchange.
3. Good supply of blood.
4. Breathing system for bringing in O2 rich air to the respiratory membrane.

Question 23

what is the major organ in the respritory system

Answer 23

the lungs

Question 24

how many lobes does each lung have

Answer 24

right 3, left 2

Question 25

what do the hairs and mucose do in the nasal cavity

Answer 25

filter imcoming air

Question 26

what is the trachea

Answer 26

semi rigid tube of soft tissue wrapped around C shaped bands of cartilage which leads air from the mouth to the lungs.

Question 27

what do the bands of cartilage do for the trachea

Answer 27

keeps it open

Question 28

what does the cilia do

Answer 28

sweep up trapped material from the trachea

Question 29

what does the trachea branch into

Answer 29

2 bronchi with each connected to a lung

Question 30

what do the bronchi branch into

Answer 30

bronchioles to form a respritory tree

Question 31

what is at the end of the bronchioles

Answer 31

alveoli

Question 32

what are the alveoli

Answer 32

The alveoli are encapsulated by capilerie providing an adequate supply of blood.

Question 33

what is the principle of the respritory system

Answer 33

When air pressure inside the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure air is forced into the lungs. When the air pressure inside the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure than air is forced out.

Question 34

what seperates the thoracic cavity and abdomial cavity

Answer 34

diaphragm

Question 35

what is inhalation

Answer 35

the breathing control mechanism that causes the diaphragm to contract.This shortens and flattens the diaphragm.

Question 35

where are the he external intercostal muscles located

Answer 35

between the ribs

Question 36

what is exhalation

Answer 36

the diaphragm relaxes and returns to regular dome shape. This relaxation pushes up on the lungs.

Question 37

what is the pleural membrane

Answer 37

a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.

Question 38

what is a major part of a fishes respritory system

Answer 38

gills

Question 39

legal improvment for athletes lungs

Answer 39

Training at high altitudes can provide athletes with a legal competitive edge because they increase the number of red blood cells and therefore have an extra reservoir of oxygen.