Respitory system part 1 Flashcards
how many breathes do humans take each day
17000 - 29000
how many breathes do humans take over a life time
500 to 750 million
what is in the air we breathe
78% N, 21% O, 1% Ar, .04% CO2 and other trace gasses
what is aerobic cellular respiration
series of chemical reactions that provide energy and consume oxygen
equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 🡺 6CO2 +6H2O + energy
Glucose+Oxygen →cardon dioxide + water + energy
how much of the energy released in cellular respiration thermal
64% which helps maintain body temp
what is the reamining 36% of energy used for
stored in molecules called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
how is ATP formed
Formed when energy from the breakdown of glucose is used to attach a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This is know as phosphorylation.
how much ATP is in each glucose molecule
36 ATP in cellular repiration
what is ATP used for
powering all energy based processes
how does the energy for these processes occur
The energy for these processes comes when ATP reacts with other molecules reforming ADP and a phosphate group.
what is gas exchange
the process by which oxygen diffuses into the body cells and carbon dioxide out the cells.
how does gas exchange work in simple organisms
O2 diffuses directly from the environment through the cell membrane and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
how does gas exchange work in multicellular animals
they obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide via specialized organ systems.
parts of the respritory system
nasal passages, pharynx (crossroad for food and air), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchioles, & alveoli.
breathing vs. respiration
breathing is the physical movement of air (inhaling & exhaling). resperation is the chemical exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
where does gas exchange occur
lungs and body cells
how does gas exchange work in the lungs
oxygen diffuses from the air into the bloodstream. Oxygen is transported through the bloodstream and diffuses into cells.
how does gas exchange work in the lungs
cells are surrounded by tissue fluid .Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the tissue fluid then into the cells. Carbon dioxide is transported through the bloodstream to the lungs where it diffuses into the air.
what is ventalation
the process that ensures a flow of oxygen rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide rich air away from the lungs
how much air is captured when you take a deep breathe
3 - 4L
4 important structural features in the respritory system
- Thin permeable respiratory membrane through which diffusion can occur.
- Large surface area for gas exchange.
- Good supply of blood.
- Breathing system for bringing in O2 rich air to the respiratory membrane.
what is the major organ in the respritory system
the lungs
how many lobes does each lung have
right 3, left 2
what do the hairs and mucose do in the nasal cavity
filter imcoming air
what is the trachea
semi rigid tube of soft tissue wrapped around C shaped bands of cartilage which leads air from the mouth to the lungs.
what do the bands of cartilage do for the trachea
keeps it open
what does the cilia do
sweep up trapped material from the trachea
what does the trachea branch into
2 bronchi with each connected to a lung
what do the bronchi branch into
bronchioles to form a respritory tree
what is at the end of the bronchioles
alveoli
what are the alveoli
The alveoli are encapsulated by capilerie providing an adequate supply of blood.
what is the principle of the respritory system
When air pressure inside the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure air is forced into the lungs. When the air pressure inside the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure than air is forced out.
what seperates the thoracic cavity and abdomial cavity
diaphragm
what is inhalation
the breathing control mechanism that causes the diaphragm to contract.This shortens and flattens the diaphragm.
where are the he external intercostal muscles located
between the ribs
what is exhalation
the diaphragm relaxes and returns to regular dome shape. This relaxation pushes up on the lungs.
what is the pleural membrane
a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.
what is a major part of a fishes respritory system
gills
legal improvment for athletes lungs
Training at high altitudes can provide athletes with a legal competitive edge because they increase the number of red blood cells and therefore have an extra reservoir of oxygen.
