Nutrition Flashcards
Why we need to eat
provides material for growth and repair of our body. These are abtained from nutrients.
What are the important nutrients
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, minerals and vitemans.
Why do we eat food
we need it to get energy through the plants and animals we eat.
what are the energy requierments for endothermic and ectothemic animals
endothermic animals need more energy than ectothermic animals. Larger animals eat more than smaller ones
What are the chemical reactions
Metabolism
Catabolism - the metabolic process that breaks down larger molocules into sub units
anabolism - the metabolic process that produces larger molocules from smaller subunits
what is metabolic rate
the rate at which the body converts stored energy into working energy
what can effect metabolic rate
body size
sex
physcial activity
age
heredity factors
how is energy measued
the calorie is the amount of energy requiered to rase 1g of water 1 degree in temp.
basal metabolic rate - minimum amount of energy requied to keep you alive. Males is higher than females
what nutrients do we need
carbohydrates, water, protein, lipids, minerals and vitamins
basic building blocks of life
if appsent for to long cells may stop working
why do we need carbohydrates
main source of energy for humans. made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Monosaccharides - most basic, simple sugar, a ring shaped structure
disaccharides - made up of 2 simple sugars put together
polysaccharides - made up of many simple sugar put together
carbohydrates importance
simply energy to the body, help with the structure for plants, stored in liver and muscle tissues, part of a healthy diet, in starchy foods
whydo we need protein
key building block of a cell, involved in all metabolic activites, some serve as hormones, most complex, made of amino acids, 20 types 12 made from amino acids 8 from food sources
improtance of protein
involved in all metabolic activities, needed to make new protein by seperation
what do lipids do
provide a concentraded source of chemical energy for the body, help in vitamin absorbtion, fats and oils, sex hormones, three fatty acids know as triglyceride - can be saturated or unsaturated depends on fatty acid chain
importance of lipids
fat storage (some are essential, healthy diet has 30%, too much can be bad)
