digestion 2

Question 1

what is digested in the small intestine

Answer 1

carbohydrayes, proteins and lipids

Question 2

how long is small intestine

Answer 2

2.5 cm in diameter and 7 m in length

Question 3

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 3

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 4

what happens in the duodenum

Answer 4

first 25-30 cm, enzymes are added and digestion begins

Question 5

what happens in the jejunum

Answer 5

digestion continues

Question 6

what happens in the ileum

Answer 6

majority of nutrients are absorbed

Question 7

what are the finger like projections

Answer 7

villi

Question 8

to increase surface area ______ is present making it 500x bigger

Answer 8

micorvilli

Question 9

what are villi filled with

Answer 9

capillaries

Question 10

digested fats go through small vessels called

Answer 10

lacteals

Question 11

pyloric sphincter function

Answer 11

controls passage from stomach to small intestine

Question 12

what does the pyloric sphincter release

Answer 12

when relaxed it releases small amount of chyme into the duodenum. Slow and steady release allows for proper digestion

Question 13

where are most of the enzymes added

Answer 13

duodenum. this requires help from the liver, pancrease and gallblader

Question 14

Pancreas role

Answer 14

secrete enzymes and secrete hormones that regulate abosption and storage of glucose

Question 15

pancrease location

Answer 15

inbetween stomach and duodenum

Question 16

what is the process in the pancrease

Answer 16

The pancreas releases various enzymes: amylase for starch digestion, trypsinogen (converted to trypsin by enterokinase) for protein digestion, and lipases for fat digestion.
When fat-rich chyme enters the duodenum, the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is released, signaling the pancreas to secrete enzymes and bicarbonate ions to neutralize acidity.
Secretin, converted from prosecretin when chyme enters the small intestine, regulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and stimulates bile production in the liver.

Question 17

what do lipases do

Answer 17

break down lipid chains into shorter chains and individual fatty acid molecules.

Question 18

location of liver and gallblader

Answer 18

under the diaphragm

Question 19

liver and gallblader role in digestion

Answer 19

produces and secretes bile- which emulsifies fat and breaks it into tiny droplets called micelles.

Question 20

how do the gallblader and liver work together

Answer 20

Bile is produced in the liver but stored in the gall bladder until food enter the duodenum. When fat enters the duodenum the gall bladder contracts and squeezes out the bile.

Question 21

what can the liver breakdown/store

Answer 21

toxins and alchohol

stores glycogen and fat soluble vitemins

Question 22

where are proteins, lipids and carbs absorbed

Answer 22

jejunum and ileum once broken down

Question 23

what is passive transport

Answer 23

the movement of materials across a cell without the use of energy from the cell

Question 24

what is diffusion

Answer 24

when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area with low concentration until even

Question 25

what is osmosis

Answer 25

diffusion of water molecules through a selectivley permiable membrane

Question 26

whatt is facilitaded diffusion

Answer 26

the diffusion of moleculose across a membrane using transport proteins

Question 27

what is active transport

Answer 27

materials are moved across a cell membrane from an area with low concetration to an area with concetration using energy provided by the cell

Question 28

what does the large intestine consist of

Answer 28

cecum, rectum and anus

Question 29

4 segments of colon

Answer 29

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and the sigmoid colon.

Question 30

examples of indigestible food

Answer 30

cellulose and fibre

Question 31

what is endoscopy

Answer 31

a medical procedure that uses an endoscope to look inside the body

Question 31

what does egestion mean

Answer 31

the elimination of digestive waste

Question 31

what are the 2 sphincter

Answer 31

The internal anal sphincter is a smooth muscle and is under involuntary control, the external anal sphincter is a skeletal muscle under voluntary control.