Digestion part 1

Question 1

what is digestion

Answer 1

the process of breaking down nutirents and abosrbing it into blood and carrying it to cells

Question 2

4 main steps

Answer 2

ingestion

digestion

absorption

egestion

Question 3

2 types of digestion

Answer 3

mechanical - when food breaks down in mouth from teeth

chemical - mouth, stomach food is coated in enzymes that break it down

Question 4

specialized digestive systems 1

Answer 4

single sac (gastrovascular cavity) entrance for food exit for waste ex. jelly fish

Question 5

specialized systems 2

Answer 5

more complex animals have a tract with 2 openings. special systems that help with breaking down

Question 6

what is the human digestive system also known as

Answer 6

gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) 7-9m long

Question 7

what does it interact with

Answer 7

circulatory system, nervous, endocrine system

Question 8

what does the digestive system consist of

Answer 8

mouth, pharynx, esophagus tube, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

Question 9

accescory organs

Answer 9

salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallblader

Question 10

what does the mouth do

Answer 10

physical digestion - food is broken down into smaller bits by teeth

Question 11

incisors and canine

Answer 11

good for grabbing and ripping apart food

Question 12

pre molars and molars

Answer 12

good for grinding food and crushing food

Question 13

how does chemicaal digestion work in the mouth

Answer 13

chemical digestion - breaks down food using saliva and acid

Question 14

what is in saliva

Answer 14

enzymes are in saliva these help speed up the chemical breakdown. most important is amylase

Question 15

what does amylase do

Answer 15

breaks down starch into disacchrides

Question 16

what does saliva do

Answer 16

breaks down food and allows you to taste food

Question 17

what aids swollowing

Answer 17

mucose

Question 18

how much is saliva is prodced everyday

Answer 18

.75 - 1.5 L

Question 19

how is a bolus formed

Answer 19

water from saliva moistens the food into a bolus

Question 20

what safety mechanisms

Answer 20

soft palate is raised so food does not go into nasal cavity

larnyx is raised to stop food from entering into the epiglottis and stops food from entering the lungs

Question 21

what is the esophagus

Answer 21

moves food from the mouth into the stomach

Question 22

what happens in the esophagus

Answer 22

walls stretch so that food can get pushed down this is also known as paristalses

Question 23

how long does it take to reach the stomach

Answer 23

8 seconds

Question 24

what is the stomach

Answer 24

j shaped muscle, chemical and mechanical digestion, expands 2 L, covered in rugae

Question 25

what can de digested in the stomach

Answer 25

proteins can be digested. lipids and carbohydrates cannot

Question 26

what does the sphincters do

Answer 26

controlls movement of food in and out of stomach

Question 27

what does the cardiac sphincter do

Answer 27

when relaxed food can enter the stomach, when contracted food cannot move back into the esophagus

Question 28

4 layers of the stomach (inner most - outer most)

Answer 28

mucosa

sub mucosa

muscularis

serosa

Question 29

what controlls digestion

Answer 29

enzymes, hormones and nerves

Question 30

what hormone is released during digestion in the stomach

Answer 30

gastrin when nerves sense the food

Question 31

what is gastrin made of

Answer 31

mucose, acid, digestive enzymes

Question 32

ph level of acid

Answer 32

2-3

Question 33

what happens when pepsinogen is activated

Answer 33

it becomes pepsin which breaks down protein

Question 34

if the gastroesophageal sphincter does not close…

Answer 34

acid from the stomach can come up into the esophagus. can cause heart burn

Question 35

what causes acid reflex

Answer 35

over filled stomach and smokingand cardiac sphincter does not close properly

Question 36

what bacteria can stomach acid not kill

Answer 36

helicobactor pylori can not be killed and can lead to stomach ulcers