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A Level Physical Education > Respitory System > Flashcards

Respitory System Flashcards

1
Q

What’s tidal volume and unit

A

Volume inspired or expired per breath

Ml

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2
Q

Whats frequency and the unit

A

Number of breaths taken per minute

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3
Q

What’s minute ventilation

A

The amount of air breathed in and out per min

L/min

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4
Q

What’s inspiratory volume and unit

A

Maximal volume of air inspired following the end of resting inspiration

Ml

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5
Q

What’s expiratory volume and unit

A

Maximal air expired after resting expiration

Ml

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6
Q

What’s residual volume and unit

A

Volume of air remaining in lungs at the end of maximal expiration

L

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7
Q

What’s total lung volume

A

6 litres

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8
Q

What happens during exercises

Tidal volume

A

Increases - breathing depth increases

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9
Q

What happens during exercises

Inspiratory + expiratory reserve volume

A

Decrease- used up for tidal volume

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10
Q

What happens during exercises

Residual volume

A

Same - lungs always need to be inflated

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11
Q

What happens during exercise

Minute ventilation

A

Increase - tidal volume and frequency increases

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12
Q

What happens during exercise

Frequency of breathing

A

Increases to get more oxygen to body

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13
Q

breathing in at rest

A
  • detected by receptors
  • sent to medulla
  • RCC to ICC
  • external intercostal muscles
  • ribcage goes up and out
  • diaphragm goes down
  • larger volume
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14
Q

what muslces are needed for breathing in when excersising

A

for deeper breathing :

pectoralis major
sternocleidomastoid

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15
Q

breathing out when excersising

A
  • receptors detect
  • sent to medulla
  • RCC to ECC
  • internal intercostal muscles contract
  • abdominals contract
  • ribcage moves down and in
  • diaphragn makes a dome shape
  • smaller volume
    air out
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16
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

What’s partial pressure

A

Presence of an individual gas within a mixture of gasses

17
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

What’s the law of gasses

A

Move from high conc to low between a pressure gradient via diffusion

18
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

What are the 6 characteristics

A

Thin walls
Dense capillary network
Millions of alveoli
Moisture
Blood moves slowly
Conc gradient

19
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why thin walls

A

Short diffusion distance

20
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why dense capillary network

A

Large blood supply = more diffusion

21
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Millions of alveoli

A

More sites for gaseous exchange and large surface area

22
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why moisture

A

Assists diffusion - allowes gas smoothly through semi permeable membrane

23
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why does blood move slowly

A

More time for gaseous exchange

24
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why a large conc gradient

A

The bigger the difference the faster it takes place

25
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Where is oxygen and co2 highest partial pressure

A

O = alveoli
C = capillaries

26
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

Percentages of O2 at lungs uses

A

98% - bonded to haemoglobin = oxyhaemoglobin

2% - dissolved in plasma

27
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

Percentages of CO2 at lungs and uses

A

70% - dissolved in water = carbonic acid

23% - bonded to haemoglobin - carbaminohaemoglobin

7% is dissolved in plasma

28
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

What happens at lungs

A
  • co2 leaves due to higher partial pressure at capillaries
  • haemoglobin at high affinity for oxygen
  • oxygen joining haemoglobin - association
29
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

What happens at muscles

A

CO2 diffuses into blood
Oxygen leaves haemoglobin to myoglobin = disassociation

30
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

What happens ( myoglobin )

A
  • transport and stores O2
  • associates with O2 at a higher affinity then haemoglobin
  • at very low partial pressure- myoglobin remains saturated so O2 is always available
31
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

What happens when more O2 is at muscle

A

Disassociates quicker

32
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH)

REST - what’s the partial pressure at lungs and muscles and the saturation

A

L - 100mmhg - 100%
M - 40mmhg - 75%

33
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH )

What are the 3 factors that change the graph and how ( pp and % )

A

Increase acidity
Increase CO2
Increase temp

L - 100mmhg - 100%
M - 40mmhg - 50%

34
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH )

One factors that changes the graph and how ( pp and % )

A

Decrease PPO2

L - 100mmhg - 100%
M - 20mmhg - 20%

35
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

Name for graph moving to right

A

Bohr shift

36
Q

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

Name for graph moving to right

A

Bohr shift

A Level Physical Education (9 decks)

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