Respitory System Flashcards

1
Q

What’s tidal volume and unit

A

Volume inspired or expired per breath

Ml

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2
Q

Whats frequency and the unit

A

Number of breaths taken per minute

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3
Q

What’s minute ventilation

A

The amount of air breathed in and out per min

L/min

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4
Q

What’s inspiratory volume and unit

A

Maximal volume of air inspired following the end of resting inspiration

Ml

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5
Q

What’s expiratory volume and unit

A

Maximal air expired after resting expiration

Ml

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6
Q

What’s residual volume and unit

A

Volume of air remaining in lungs at the end of maximal expiration

L

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7
Q

What’s total lung volume

A

6 litres

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8
Q

What happens during exercises

Tidal volume

A

Increases - breathing depth increases

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9
Q

What happens during exercises

Inspiratory + expiratory reserve volume

A

Decrease- used up for tidal volume

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10
Q

What happens during exercises

Residual volume

A

Same - lungs always need to be inflated

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11
Q

What happens during exercise

Minute ventilation

A

Increase - tidal volume and frequency increases

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12
Q

What happens during exercise

Frequency of breathing

A

Increases to get more oxygen to body

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13
Q

breathing in at rest

A
  • detected by receptors
  • sent to medulla
  • RCC to ICC
  • external intercostal muscles
  • ribcage goes up and out
  • diaphragm goes down
  • larger volume
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14
Q

what muslces are needed for breathing in when excersising

A

for deeper breathing :

pectoralis major
sternocleidomastoid

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15
Q

breathing out when excersising

A
  • receptors detect
  • sent to medulla
  • RCC to ECC
  • internal intercostal muscles contract
  • abdominals contract
  • ribcage moves down and in
  • diaphragn makes a dome shape
  • smaller volume
    air out
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16
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

What’s partial pressure

A

Presence of an individual gas within a mixture of gasses

17
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

What’s the law of gasses

A

Move from high conc to low between a pressure gradient via diffusion

18
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

What are the 6 characteristics

A

Thin walls
Dense capillary network
Millions of alveoli
Moisture
Blood moves slowly
Conc gradient

19
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why thin walls

A

Short diffusion distance

20
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why dense capillary network

A

Large blood supply = more diffusion

21
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Millions of alveoli

A

More sites for gaseous exchange and large surface area

22
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why moisture

A

Assists diffusion - allowes gas smoothly through semi permeable membrane

23
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why does blood move slowly

A

More time for gaseous exchange

24
Q

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Why a large conc gradient

A

The bigger the difference the faster it takes place

25
GASEOUS EXCHANGE Where is oxygen and co2 highest partial pressure
O = alveoli C = capillaries
26
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE Percentages of O2 at lungs uses
98% - bonded to haemoglobin = oxyhaemoglobin 2% - dissolved in plasma
27
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE Percentages of CO2 at lungs and uses
70% - dissolved in water = carbonic acid 23% - bonded to haemoglobin - carbaminohaemoglobin 7% is dissolved in plasma
28
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE What happens at lungs
- co2 leaves due to higher partial pressure at capillaries - haemoglobin at high affinity for oxygen - oxygen joining haemoglobin - association
29
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE What happens at muscles
CO2 diffuses into blood Oxygen leaves haemoglobin to myoglobin = disassociation
30
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE What happens ( myoglobin )
- transport and stores O2 - associates with O2 at a higher affinity then haemoglobin - at very low partial pressure- myoglobin remains saturated so O2 is always available
31
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE What happens when more O2 is at muscle
Disassociates quicker
32
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH) REST - what’s the partial pressure at lungs and muscles and the saturation
L - 100mmhg - 100% M - 40mmhg - 75%
33
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH ) What are the 3 factors that change the graph and how ( pp and % )
Increase acidity Increase CO2 Increase temp L - 100mmhg - 100% M - 40mmhg - 50%
34
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH ) One factors that changes the graph and how ( pp and % )
Decrease PPO2 L - 100mmhg - 100% M - 20mmhg - 20%
35
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE Name for graph moving to right
Bohr shift
36
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE Name for graph moving to right
Bohr shift