Respitory System Flashcards
What’s tidal volume and unit
Volume inspired or expired per breath
Ml
Whats frequency and the unit
Number of breaths taken per minute
What’s minute ventilation
The amount of air breathed in and out per min
L/min
What’s inspiratory volume and unit
Maximal volume of air inspired following the end of resting inspiration
Ml
What’s expiratory volume and unit
Maximal air expired after resting expiration
Ml
What’s residual volume and unit
Volume of air remaining in lungs at the end of maximal expiration
L
What’s total lung volume
6 litres
What happens during exercises
Tidal volume
Increases - breathing depth increases
What happens during exercises
Inspiratory + expiratory reserve volume
Decrease- used up for tidal volume
What happens during exercises
Residual volume
Same - lungs always need to be inflated
What happens during exercise
Minute ventilation
Increase - tidal volume and frequency increases
What happens during exercise
Frequency of breathing
Increases to get more oxygen to body
breathing in at rest
- detected by receptors
- sent to medulla
- RCC to ICC
- external intercostal muscles
- ribcage goes up and out
- diaphragm goes down
- larger volume
what muslces are needed for breathing in when excersising
for deeper breathing :
pectoralis major
sternocleidomastoid
breathing out when excersising
- receptors detect
- sent to medulla
- RCC to ECC
- internal intercostal muscles contract
- abdominals contract
- ribcage moves down and in
- diaphragn makes a dome shape
- smaller volume
air out
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
What’s partial pressure
Presence of an individual gas within a mixture of gasses
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
What’s the law of gasses
Move from high conc to low between a pressure gradient via diffusion
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
What are the 6 characteristics
Thin walls
Dense capillary network
Millions of alveoli
Moisture
Blood moves slowly
Conc gradient
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Why thin walls
Short diffusion distance
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Why dense capillary network
Large blood supply = more diffusion
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Millions of alveoli
More sites for gaseous exchange and large surface area
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Why moisture
Assists diffusion - allowes gas smoothly through semi permeable membrane
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Why does blood move slowly
More time for gaseous exchange
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Why a large conc gradient
The bigger the difference the faster it takes place
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Where is oxygen and co2 highest partial pressure
O = alveoli
C = capillaries
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
Percentages of O2 at lungs uses
98% - bonded to haemoglobin = oxyhaemoglobin
2% - dissolved in plasma
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
Percentages of CO2 at lungs and uses
70% - dissolved in water = carbonic acid
23% - bonded to haemoglobin - carbaminohaemoglobin
7% is dissolved in plasma
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
What happens at lungs
- co2 leaves due to higher partial pressure at capillaries
- haemoglobin at high affinity for oxygen
- oxygen joining haemoglobin - association
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
What happens at muscles
CO2 diffuses into blood
Oxygen leaves haemoglobin to myoglobin = disassociation
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
What happens ( myoglobin )
- transport and stores O2
- associates with O2 at a higher affinity then haemoglobin
- at very low partial pressure- myoglobin remains saturated so O2 is always available
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
What happens when more O2 is at muscle
Disassociates quicker
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH)
REST - what’s the partial pressure at lungs and muscles and the saturation
L - 100mmhg - 100%
M - 40mmhg - 75%
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH )
What are the 3 factors that change the graph and how ( pp and % )
Increase acidity
Increase CO2
Increase temp
L - 100mmhg - 100%
M - 40mmhg - 50%
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ( GRAPH )
One factors that changes the graph and how ( pp and % )
Decrease PPO2
L - 100mmhg - 100%
M - 20mmhg - 20%
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
Name for graph moving to right
Bohr shift
TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
Name for graph moving to right
Bohr shift
