PRE INDUSTRIAL AND POST INDUSTRIAL Flashcards

1
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL vs POST INDUSTRIAL

features

A

Pre
- farming and villages
- limited transport
- Education limited, many private schools for boys of upper class
- uncivilised behaviour - popular recreation
- 2 classes = upper and lower

Post
- manufacturing, towns and cities
- developed transport ( railway and roads )
- education available to all
- 3 classes = upper, middle and lower

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2
Q

POPULAR RECREATION
characteristics and example

A

MOB FOOTBALL - turned to association football in post industrial due to a lack of space and banned due to injuries and needing to work

  • local versions of the game due to poor transport
  • limited equipment and facilities dur ot lack of income
  • physical force, violence
  • few simple, unwritten rules ( uneducated )
  • for the Lower class
  • only played on religious festivals due to lack of free time

aim: get ball from one end of village to another

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3
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

Characteristics and example

A

REAL TENNIS - changes to lawn tennis in post industrial due to being too expensive

  • limited player numbers
  • tactical
  • upper class
  • skills developed
  • complex with written rules due to being educated
  • sophisticated facilities and equipment due to excess income
  • spectators
  • etiquette
  • national due to having transport
  • often played due to having spare time

aim = raquet sport, aim to score points by hitting a window, hole or outskillling opponent

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4
Q

ATHLETICS

characteristics

A
  • footmen = lower class completing the race while upper class wages how far they could go in a certain time, played at religious festivals only with unwritten rules
  • patrons ( upper class ) sponsored sucessful athletes organising prises and looking after welfare of the atheletes
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5
Q

MUCH WENLOCK OLYMPIC GAMES

characteristics

A
  • shropshire = north west ]
  • William penny brookes started first games in 1850 to promote physical , mental and interlectual qualities
  • includes classic events and recreational activities eg: football
  • Baron Pierre De Couberin organised first olympic games in Athens in 1896
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6
Q

MUCH WENLOCK OLYMPIC GAMES

simlarities between much wenlock games and olympic games

A
  • Both contain athletic events and recreational sport
  • pagentry = parade and flag barer through village vs opening ceremony
  • Both based on moral, physical and interlectual qualities
  • Both rewarded. olympian medal vs bronze, silver and globe
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7
Q

IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

initial negative impacts on sport

A
  • Moving to urban areas = no longer village to village due to less space
  • long hours = less time to play
  • poor wages = no money for equiptment
  • poor health = lack of fitness and energy
  • more civilised = reduction of mob football and is being banned
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8
Q

IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

eventual positive impacts on sport

A
  • health and hygiene improved = increases fitness and energy
  • increase wages = more money for equiptment
  • middle class developed = created lawn tennis and associatipn football
  • improved transport = can play nationally
  • improved communication = scores published in newspapers, rolemodels are created
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9
Q

IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

INVENTION OF MOB FOOTBALL

A
  • mob football banned
  • new lease of life at public schols eg: Eton
  • Rationalised by public schools, rules were added eg: goal chape and size and foe Eton you couldnt pass the ball forwards or sideways
  • Unis had diff versions of the game ( oxford and caimbridge ) and created one so they could play against eachother
  • FA formed in 1863
  • game reintroduced to the working class through:
    teachers taking it to schools
    clergy took ideas to parisheners
    factory workers took ideas to workers
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10
Q

SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION

DRIVEN MOSTLY BY middle class

what, why,spread

A

what -
ex public school boys developed codification when at school so they could play each other. they spread the sport to others through jobs

why -
form of recreation , wanting to improve lives of others ( philanthropy), social control to uphold middle class values

spread -
to the british empire due to gaining jobs like officers and diplomats

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11
Q

SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION

factories

what, why,spread

A

what -
created teams eg: arsenal, provide facilities and equiptment

why -
improves attendance and loyalty to owners, with healthy and happy staff

spread -
went to play other factories, spread around the country

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12
Q

SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION

Local authorities

what, why,spread

A

what -
gave public baths and parks

why -
increased health, competition between areas, employment oppotunties and social control due to civilisation of society

spread -
can play more often at a higher level

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13
Q

SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION

church

what, why,spread

A

what -
the creation of teams eg: aston villa, and gave facilities

why -
church attendance falling, improve lifestyle ( philantrothy ) social control

spread -
brithish empire on visits and travels

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14
Q

SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION

NGB’s
what, why,spread

A

what -
codified rules, creating teams and leauges

why -
needed organisation and control due to many teams emmerging, wanted to be fair, keep amateur football

spread -
increased spread and standards due to more leauges and created national and international events

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15
Q

SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION

transport

what, why,spread

A

what -
railway and steam trains built

why -
enabled peole to watch, home and away matches, travel further afield, greater access to countryside

spread -
more teams = more people = increased standard

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16
Q

SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION

communication

what, why,spread

A

what -
newspapers publishing scores, fixtures and leauges, creating rolemodels

why -
literacy rates improved

spread -
increased supporters, making sport more popular

17
Q

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOTBALL

railways and communication

A
  • saturdays became halfdays = football expanded
  • railways allowed further travel = new clubs
18
Q

OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF FOOTBALL

pre industrial
public schools
churches
FA
professionalism
international spread

A

PRE INDUSTRIAL
- mob football = popular recreation
- few unwritten rules
- occasional, and violent
- bannded due to property damage, more civilised scoiety and facpries needing civilised workers

PUBLIC SCHOOLS
- mob games played = disorderly behaviour
- games chnaged and structure and riles created
- rules were agreed on a match to match basis allowing competition between schools

CHURCHES
- promoted through sunday school teams ( aston villa )
- benifited morals, social control and muscular christianity

FA
- 1863 it formed
- gave codification ( national rules )
- appointed officials and organised growing numbers of teams

PROFESSIONALISM
- working class became professionals due to them being employed and cant live without the money from jobs
- broken time payments - time lost from work
boot money - secret monye given for playing
- mostly northern professionals due to them being employed in factories
- recognised as good as they could escape factory system and urban deprivation

INTERNATIONAL SPREAD
- first international match in late 1800’s, england vs scotland
- english team = public school boys due to having a higher status
- spread to british empire due to diplomats and army officers

19
Q

OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF TENNIS

pre industrial
lawn tennis
woman in tennis
NGB
spread

A

PRE INDUSTRIAL
- Real tennis = rational recreattion
- upper class = expensive facilities
- only men played
- strategic and tactical

LAWN TENNIS
- middle class invention to seperate themselves from the lower class
- hosted in suburban gardens = social
- males and females
- wingsfield kit = not expensive

WOMEN
- provate and away from public
- could still wear modest clothing
- minimum excersise activity
- no contact, had rules = developed in public schools

NGB
- first organised by MCC
- wimbledomn = All england lawn tennis and croquet club in 1877
- 1884 was the first one for girls

SPREAD
- professionals were excluded from the 4 majors until the open era in 1868 when anyone could enter

20
Q

OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF ATHLETICS

Pre industrial
wenlock games
urban fairs
amature athletic association
olympics

A

PRE INDUSTRIALISATION
- athletics = polular recreation
- foot racing, footmen competing for the upper class
- upper class were patrons wagering on how far thye could travel in a set time

WENLOCK
- the much wenlock games were founded by WIlliam Brookes in 1850
- to promote the moral physical and interlectual improvement
- it attracteed people from all over the country to participate

URBAN FAIRS
- industrialisation = many rural areas became urban
- tracks and facilities built
- upperclass participated for fun, working class seen as professionals

AMATURE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION
- open to all however no financial gain
- women couldnt compete due to the outfits being too revealing

OLYMPICS
- De Coubertin visited the wenloj games and was impressed by the developed morals of health and patriotism through sport
- strated the modern olympics in 1896 in athens