PRE INDUSTRIAL AND POST INDUSTRIAL Flashcards
PRE INDUSTRIAL vs POST INDUSTRIAL
features
Pre
- farming and villages
- limited transport
- Education limited, many private schools for boys of upper class
- uncivilised behaviour - popular recreation
- 2 classes = upper and lower
Post
- manufacturing, towns and cities
- developed transport ( railway and roads )
- education available to all
- 3 classes = upper, middle and lower
POPULAR RECREATION
characteristics and example
MOB FOOTBALL - turned to association football in post industrial due to a lack of space and banned due to injuries and needing to work
- local versions of the game due to poor transport
- limited equipment and facilities dur ot lack of income
- physical force, violence
- few simple, unwritten rules ( uneducated )
- for the Lower class
- only played on religious festivals due to lack of free time
aim: get ball from one end of village to another
RATIONAL RECREATION
Characteristics and example
REAL TENNIS - changes to lawn tennis in post industrial due to being too expensive
- limited player numbers
- tactical
- upper class
- skills developed
- complex with written rules due to being educated
- sophisticated facilities and equipment due to excess income
- spectators
- etiquette
- national due to having transport
- often played due to having spare time
aim = raquet sport, aim to score points by hitting a window, hole or outskillling opponent
ATHLETICS
characteristics
- footmen = lower class completing the race while upper class wages how far they could go in a certain time, played at religious festivals only with unwritten rules
- patrons ( upper class ) sponsored sucessful athletes organising prises and looking after welfare of the atheletes
MUCH WENLOCK OLYMPIC GAMES
characteristics
- shropshire = north west ]
- William penny brookes started first games in 1850 to promote physical , mental and interlectual qualities
- includes classic events and recreational activities eg: football
- Baron Pierre De Couberin organised first olympic games in Athens in 1896
MUCH WENLOCK OLYMPIC GAMES
simlarities between much wenlock games and olympic games
- Both contain athletic events and recreational sport
- pagentry = parade and flag barer through village vs opening ceremony
- Both based on moral, physical and interlectual qualities
- Both rewarded. olympian medal vs bronze, silver and globe
IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
initial negative impacts on sport
- Moving to urban areas = no longer village to village due to less space
- long hours = less time to play
- poor wages = no money for equiptment
- poor health = lack of fitness and energy
- more civilised = reduction of mob football and is being banned
IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
eventual positive impacts on sport
- health and hygiene improved = increases fitness and energy
- increase wages = more money for equiptment
- middle class developed = created lawn tennis and associatipn football
- improved transport = can play nationally
- improved communication = scores published in newspapers, rolemodels are created
IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
INVENTION OF MOB FOOTBALL
- mob football banned
- new lease of life at public schols eg: Eton
- Rationalised by public schools, rules were added eg: goal chape and size and foe Eton you couldnt pass the ball forwards or sideways
- Unis had diff versions of the game ( oxford and caimbridge ) and created one so they could play against eachother
- FA formed in 1863
- game reintroduced to the working class through:
teachers taking it to schools
clergy took ideas to parisheners
factory workers took ideas to workers
SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION
DRIVEN MOSTLY BY middle class
what, why,spread
what -
ex public school boys developed codification when at school so they could play each other. they spread the sport to others through jobs
why -
form of recreation , wanting to improve lives of others ( philanthropy), social control to uphold middle class values
spread -
to the british empire due to gaining jobs like officers and diplomats
SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION
factories
what, why,spread
what -
created teams eg: arsenal, provide facilities and equiptment
why -
improves attendance and loyalty to owners, with healthy and happy staff
spread -
went to play other factories, spread around the country
SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION
Local authorities
what, why,spread
what -
gave public baths and parks
why -
increased health, competition between areas, employment oppotunties and social control due to civilisation of society
spread -
can play more often at a higher level
SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION
church
what, why,spread
what -
the creation of teams eg: aston villa, and gave facilities
why -
church attendance falling, improve lifestyle ( philantrothy ) social control
spread -
brithish empire on visits and travels
SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION
NGB’s
what, why,spread
what -
codified rules, creating teams and leauges
why -
needed organisation and control due to many teams emmerging, wanted to be fair, keep amateur football
spread -
increased spread and standards due to more leauges and created national and international events
SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION
transport
what, why,spread
what -
railway and steam trains built
why -
enabled peole to watch, home and away matches, travel further afield, greater access to countryside
spread -
more teams = more people = increased standard
SOCIAL FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF RATIONAL RECREATION
communication
what, why,spread
what -
newspapers publishing scores, fixtures and leauges, creating rolemodels
why -
literacy rates improved
spread -
increased supporters, making sport more popular
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOTBALL
railways and communication
- saturdays became halfdays = football expanded
- railways allowed further travel = new clubs
OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF FOOTBALL
pre industrial
public schools
churches
FA
professionalism
international spread
PRE INDUSTRIAL
- mob football = popular recreation
- few unwritten rules
- occasional, and violent
- bannded due to property damage, more civilised scoiety and facpries needing civilised workers
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
- mob games played = disorderly behaviour
- games chnaged and structure and riles created
- rules were agreed on a match to match basis allowing competition between schools
CHURCHES
- promoted through sunday school teams ( aston villa )
- benifited morals, social control and muscular christianity
FA
- 1863 it formed
- gave codification ( national rules )
- appointed officials and organised growing numbers of teams
PROFESSIONALISM
- working class became professionals due to them being employed and cant live without the money from jobs
- broken time payments - time lost from work
boot money - secret monye given for playing
- mostly northern professionals due to them being employed in factories
- recognised as good as they could escape factory system and urban deprivation
INTERNATIONAL SPREAD
- first international match in late 1800’s, england vs scotland
- english team = public school boys due to having a higher status
- spread to british empire due to diplomats and army officers
OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF TENNIS
pre industrial
lawn tennis
woman in tennis
NGB
spread
PRE INDUSTRIAL
- Real tennis = rational recreattion
- upper class = expensive facilities
- only men played
- strategic and tactical
LAWN TENNIS
- middle class invention to seperate themselves from the lower class
- hosted in suburban gardens = social
- males and females
- wingsfield kit = not expensive
WOMEN
- provate and away from public
- could still wear modest clothing
- minimum excersise activity
- no contact, had rules = developed in public schools
NGB
- first organised by MCC
- wimbledomn = All england lawn tennis and croquet club in 1877
- 1884 was the first one for girls
SPREAD
- professionals were excluded from the 4 majors until the open era in 1868 when anyone could enter
OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF ATHLETICS
Pre industrial
wenlock games
urban fairs
amature athletic association
olympics
PRE INDUSTRIALISATION
- athletics = polular recreation
- foot racing, footmen competing for the upper class
- upper class were patrons wagering on how far thye could travel in a set time
WENLOCK
- the much wenlock games were founded by WIlliam Brookes in 1850
- to promote the moral physical and interlectual improvement
- it attracteed people from all over the country to participate
URBAN FAIRS
- industrialisation = many rural areas became urban
- tracks and facilities built
- upperclass participated for fun, working class seen as professionals
AMATURE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION
- open to all however no financial gain
- women couldnt compete due to the outfits being too revealing
OLYMPICS
- De Coubertin visited the wenloj games and was impressed by the developed morals of health and patriotism through sport
- strated the modern olympics in 1896 in athens
