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A Level Physical Education > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Why’s ATP important

A

Only formable use of energy in muscles

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2
Q

How to break down ATP and what are products

A

ATPase = enzyme

Into - ADP, phosphate and energy = muscle contraction

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3
Q

How to make ATP

A

ADP and phosphate and energy from food

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4
Q

Features of PC

A
  • stored in sarcoplasm
  • high intensity aerobic
  • 2-10s eg: sprint
  • red meat and fish
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5
Q

Carbohydrates features

A
  • stored in sarcoplasm and liver
  • high intensity, aerobic and anaerobic
  • 10s - 3m eg: 200m sprint
  • found in pasta and bread
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6
Q

Fats and glycogen features

A
  • stored under skin and around organs
  • low intensity endurance events
  • 3mins + as needed a lot of oxygen to break down, and needs to be transported to muscles
  • paired with glycogen but fats are dominant
  • found in oil and butter
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7
Q

ATP

Energy transfer names

A

ATP-PC
Anaerobic glycolytic
Aerobic

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8
Q

The ATP-PC system

whats teh formula for the recation

A

PC – P + C + energy

catylised by creatine kenase 1:1 ratio

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9
Q

The ATP-PC system

whats Pc relationship with ATP

A

ATP = used first

then the atp store plateaus as the PC is creating enrgy for ATP production

then when PC stores run out ATP also dips

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10
Q

The ATP-PC system

pros and cons

A

pros =

lots of energy quickly
no fatiuging bi products
increased stores of PC by creatine

Cons =

runs out quickly
needs 2-3 mins for 100% recovery

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11
Q

The anaerobic glycolytic system

how does the system work

A

glycogen – takes place in glycolysis in scarcoplasm with the enzym PFK into pyruvic acid

pyruvic acid broken into lactic acid in aneaurobic conditions with LDH

As lactic acid is unstable when it looses hydrogen = lactate = blood more acidic and inhibits enzyme activity = slows glycolysis = fatigue and pain

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12
Q

The anaerobic glycolytic system

Where can lactic acid be removed to

A

Fast twitch muscles fibres
In the liver for glycolysis
Protein
Blood glucose
Urine

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13
Q

The anaerobic glycolytic system

What’s the cori cycle

A
  • glucose - pyruvate
  • 2 ATP is produced
  • Converted to lactic acid
  • lactate to liver in aerobic conditions
  • converted to glucose for the anaerobic glycolytic system What’s
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14
Q

The anaerobic glycolytic system

Advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages

  • ATP resynthesised quickly
  • don’t need oxygen
  • lactate used by slow twitch muscles fibres
  • lactate converted to glycogen

Disadvantages

  • lactic acid = bi product
  • only 5% of energy from glycogen
  • acidic environment inhibits atp resynthesis
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15
Q

OBLA

Key facts

A
  • lactate threshold = same for everyone (4)
  • the blood lactate per intensity can shift to the right for more trained people as they can buffer lactic acid and deal with higher levels of lactate as the have a advanced gaseous exchange
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16
Q

OBLA

How does VO2 and OBLA link

A

Higher VO2 = good fitness
Higher VO2 = lover rate of OBLA

17
Q

OBLA

What percentages does OBLA occour

A

OBLA occours at 60% or untrained

80% for trained

18
Q

OBLA

Factors affecting the rate of lactate accumulation (5)

A
  • excersise intensity - higher the intensity the higher rate of OBLA
  • Rate if blood lactate removal
  • Respiratory exchange- closer to 1 is better lactate removal
  • Muscle twich type - slow twich = less lactate
  • fitness - trained have adaptions which allow reduced lactate
19
Q

AREOBIC ENERGY TRANSFER

step 1

A

Glycolysis

Glycogen into pyruvic acid + 2ATP

Catalysed by PFK

In sarcoplasm

20
Q

AEROBIC ENERGY TRANSFER

Step 2

A

Kribs cycle - mitochondria

Pyruvic acid + acetyl co enzyme A = 2 ATP

Bi products = C and H

C + oxygen = Co2 = breathed out

H = electron transfer centre

21
Q

V02max

Definition

A

Maximum volume of oxygen used by the body per min

22
Q

V02max

Physiological reasons why a performer has high V02 max

A
  • high levels of haemoglobin
  • cappilarisation
  • high levels of alveoli
  • taller and bigger people = larger lungs
23
Q

V02max

What percentage can a performer improve their v02 max

A

20%

24
Q

V02max

Submaximal graph

A

Increases and plateaus due ti being limited by CV system

25
Q

V02max

Increasing intensity graph

A

Has a higher increase then submaximal
Eventually plateaus reaching VO2 max

26
Q

VO2 MAX

Factors affecting (7)

A
  • TRAINING- 20% max improvement
  • GENETICS - more slow twich increases VO2 max
  • AGE - 30s decline 1% each year
  • GENETICS - men have bigger hearts and Lungs
  • BODY- more fat = lower VO2max
  • LIFESTYLE - smoking decreases VO2 max
  • physiology - good cardiovascular adaptations = increased VO2 max
27
Q

VO2 MAX

Linking to lactate threshold

A
  • OBLA always stays at 4mmol/l
  • however OBLA can occur at a higher intensity or after longer periods of time due to a Higher VO2 max therefore working aerobically due to having a more efficient cardio system
28
Q

VO2 MAX

Indirect and direct testing

A

Indirect - predicts VO2 max, eg: cooper run

Direct- gas analysis = measuring CO2 and O2 - increases intensity to exhaustion

29
Q

VO2 MAX

Definitions of EPOC and O2 deficit

A

EPOC - xtra O2 = allows lactate removal and glycogen re synthesis

O2 deficit- not enough oxygen - needs to borrow

30
Q

VO2 MAX

Fast EPOC characteristics

A

FAST EPOC = alactacid stage

3 mins - 4L of Oxygen

Re synthesis of ATP
Re saturation of myoglobin
Restoration of PC

31
Q

VO2 MAX

Slow EPOC characteristics

A

SLOW EPOC - Lactacid stage

2 hours - 6L oxygen

Removal of lactic acids by converting to pyruvate either to glycogen ( cori cycle in the liver ) or to CO2 and Water in the mitochondria ( aerobic )

HR , BR, temp = high = increase gas movement and to allow enzyme activity

  • replenishes glycogen by eating in a glycogen window = carbs within first 40 mins
32
Q

INDIRECT CALORIMETRY

A
  • accurate estimate of energy expenditure

Via gas analysis calculating RER by

Co2 produced / O2 consumed

Greater then 1 = carbs
Lower = fats

33
Q

LACTATE SAMPLING

A
  • take blood samples at regular intervals from finger or ear to measure blood lactate
  • gives athletes lactate markers so they can train close to OBLA to try and delay it
34
Q

VO2 MAX TEST

A

Performer trains to exhaustion, measuring Co2 out and O2 in

Shows the efficiency of using oxygen

Identifies fitness and can see if workout programs are affective

A Level Physical Education (7 decks)

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