memory models Flashcards
SIMPLE MODEL
4 stages
input
decision making
output
feedback
WHITINGS MODEL
7 stages and definintions
- input from desplay = sytimuli occours from environment
- receptor systems = senses detecting External ( sight, hearing ), Internal ( kinisthesis, balance,touch)
- Perceptual mechanism = inerpreting eg speed or height
- translatory mechanism = deciding on the response
- effector mechanism = brain sends messages to muscles
- muscular system = response is performed
- feedback = sucess of the response, either extrinsic or intrinsic
PERCEPTUAL MECHANISM
DCR
detection = pick up stimuli
comparison = compare info recieved from senses
recognition = now identifies the information
SELCTIVE ATTENTION
ways of developing
- making stimuli more intense ( brighter ball )
- learn to block irrelevent stimuli (practive with distractions)
-improve motivation ( rewards) - mental rehersal to increase alertness
SELCTIVE ATTENTION
benifits
- improving reaction time
- increases the chance of effective decision making
- prevents overload
RESPONDING TO STIMULI
Reaction, movement, response definition
Reaction - time between arrival of stimuli and the start of the movement
Movement - time between start and end of movement
Response time - time between arrival of stimuli and end movement
RESPONDING TO STIMULI
what do warnings do
What’s simple reaction time
Warning = decrease reaction time
Simple = 1 stimuli with 1 response
RESPONDING TO STIMULI
whats hicks law
more stimulis, slows reaction time
SINGLE CHANNEL HYPOTHESIS
- the firt stimuli has to be reacted to before the 2nd one. The brain can only process one stimuli at a time due to single channel hypothesis. Creating a psycological refractory period which is the time between each reaction. Increasing reaction time
ANTICIPATION
simple definition
- a prediction of a stimulus developed through practice by learning cues, such as reading body language
ANTICIPATION
spatial anticipation
- predicting what the stimulus will be and where it will go
= allows performer to prepare appropraite response
ANTICIPATION
temporal anticipation
- predicting wen the stimulus will occour
= it allows the performer to get into the right position to have the correct timing
ANTICIPATION
when it goes wrong
- if anticipates wrong :
reaction time inceases due to hicks law due to choice reactions as there are more then one stimuli. 1st Stimuli must be reacted to before the 2nd one due to single channel hypothesis
RESPONSE TIME
factors affecting ( increasing reaction time )
- number of stimuli = hicks law
- age = older you are
- gender = males have a faster reaction time
- fatiuge and injury = increase movement time
- PRP =first stimuli needs to be cleared
RESPONSE TIME
factors affecting ( decreasing reaction time )
- selective attention = only focussing on relevent stimuli
- previous experince = can recognise faster
- arousal = more awake and focussed
- increasing intensity of stimuli
- anticipation
how to overcome factors affecting response time
fatiuge = training to increase fitness
arousal = warm up
pervious experience = variable training
selective attention = practice
THE MEMORY SYSTEM
whats centeral executive
- it filters information through selective attention, sends infor to the sub memorys
THE MEMORY SYSTEM
whats visiospatial sketchpad
- things you can see, spatial awareness
THE MEMORY SYSTEM
whats the phonological loop
phonological store = the inner ear, holds speech based info for 1-2 seconds
articulatory control centre = inner voice repeating info from inner ear
THE MEMORY SYSTEM
whats the episodic buffer
coordinates visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop
THE MEMORY SYSTEM
strategies to improve LTM
chaining = taking information and adding to a sequence
mental rehersal = visulising an image
fun and interesting = stimulus more engaging
assosating to previous = prior emeory aids learning
selective attenetion = less to remember if unimortant info filtered out
more meaningful = understanding relivance = more likely to remember
SCHEMA THEORY
whats schema
- generalised motor activity stored in LTM which can be adapeted to current parameters
( current situation, stimuli , display )
- the more experienced the more schemas your have
SCHEMA THEORY
recall stage
- where the correct schema is recalled from LTM
Initial conditions = where am i
response specification = what do i need to do
SCHEMA THEORY
recognition phase
- evaluating schema
sensory consequences = what did it feel like ( kinisthesis, intrinsic )
response outcome = what happened
SCHEMA THEORY
what happens when schema is correctly used
- creates a memory trace as a new schema which can again be adapted
SCHEMA THEORY
hows it developed
- variable = wider range of parameters
- not too much massed = can over learn the skill = specific schema however its very hard to adapt
- feedback from coach = pos and neg and setting challenges
