respiratory teach - respiratory pathologies

Question 1

signs and symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 1

productive cough
chest pain
fine crackles
SOB
consolidation 
fever
fatigue
confusion

Question 2

how to determine severity of pneumonia?

Answer 2

CURB-65

Question 3

CURB 65

Answer 3

1 point for each of the following symptoms/ factors (max 5 points):

• confusion
• urea above 7mmol
• resp rate 30 and above
• BP systolic 90> and diastolic > 60
• older than 65

Question 4

how to interpret CURB 65

Answer 4

0-1 = home treatment with antibiotics
2 - admission for hospital treatment
3 + manage as severe in ICU

Question 5

treatment for community acquired pneumonia

Answer 5

amoxicillin

Question 6

treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 6

co-amoxiclav or gentamicin

Question 7

what are the types of pneumonia?

Answer 7

community or hospital acquired

Question 8

cause of CAP

Answer 8

streptococcus

Question 9

cause of HAP

Answer 9

staphylococcus

Question 10

pneumonia in middle aged men/ alcoholics

Answer 10

klebsiella

Question 11

pneumonia in boarding schools

Answer 11

mycobacterium

Question 12

legionella pneumonia

Answer 12

from air vents, holiday resorts or hot tubs

Question 13

pneumonia in CF patients or from ventilators

Answer 13

pseudomonas

Question 14

pneumonia in bird handlers

Answer 14

chlamydia pstacci

Question 15

pneumonia in COPD patients

Answer 15

haemophilus influenzae

Question 16

pneumonia in children

Answer 16

bronchiolitis

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 17

pneumonia in HIV patients

Answer 17

pneumocystic jirovecii

Question 18

pneumonia in post-op patients

Answer 18

E.coli

Question 19

Causes of CF

Answer 19

p/phe508 del mutation causing incorrect folding of CFTR protein
p.Gly551Asp - less effective chloride channel

Question 20

treatment for CF

Answer 20

ivacaftor for p.Gly551Asp

Lumacaftor for p.Phe508del

Question 21

cause of tension pneumothorax

Answer 21

trauma

Question 22

symptoms of tension pneumothorax

Answer 22

chest pain
SOB
tracheal deviation away from side affected
hyperresonant on percussion

Question 23

treatment of tension pneumothorax

Answer 23

thoracentesis in 2nd intercostal space

mid-clavicular line to get air out then chest drain in same place

Question 24

cause of bronchiolitis

Answer 24

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 25

symptoms of bronchiolitis

Answer 25

fever
drug cough
difficulty feeding
wheezing

Question 26

diagnosis of bronchiolitis

Answer 26

examination
listen to breathing
history
signs of dehydration

Question 27

treatment for bronchiolitis

Answer 27

paracetamol
ibuprofen
fluids

Question 28

cause of COPD

Answer 28

smoking
mining
pollution
genetics

Question 29

symptoms of COPD

Answer 29

SOB
cough
regular exacerbations
cyanosis
stridor
wheeze
resonant chest sounds
purse lip breathing

Question 30

diagnosis of COPD

Answer 30

spirometry
chest x-ray
ECG
alpha 1 trypsin test

Question 31

treatment of COPD

Answer 31

stop smoking
oxygen
salbutamol
ipratropium
pulmonary rehab

Question 32

symptoms of CF

Answer 32

SOB
cough
wheeze
salty skin
male infertility
poor weight gain
pneumonia
constipation