respiratory teach - respiratory pathologies Flashcards
signs and symptoms of pneumonia
productive cough chest pain fine crackles SOB consolidation fever fatigue confusion
how to determine severity of pneumonia?
CURB-65
CURB 65
1 point for each of the following symptoms/ factors (max 5 points):
- confusion
- urea above 7mmol
- resp rate 30 and above
- BP systolic 90> and diastolic > 60
- older than 65
how to interpret CURB 65
0-1 = home treatment with antibiotics
2 - admission for hospital treatment
3 + manage as severe in ICU
treatment for community acquired pneumonia
amoxicillin
treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia
co-amoxiclav or gentamicin
what are the types of pneumonia?
community or hospital acquired
cause of CAP
streptococcus
cause of HAP
staphylococcus
pneumonia in middle aged men/ alcoholics
klebsiella
pneumonia in boarding schools
mycobacterium
legionella pneumonia
from air vents, holiday resorts or hot tubs
pneumonia in CF patients or from ventilators
pseudomonas
pneumonia in bird handlers
chlamydia pstacci
pneumonia in COPD patients
haemophilus influenzae
pneumonia in children
bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus
pneumonia in HIV patients
pneumocystic jirovecii
pneumonia in post-op patients
E.coli
Causes of CF
p/phe508 del mutation causing incorrect folding of CFTR protein
p.Gly551Asp - less effective chloride channel
treatment for CF
ivacaftor for p.Gly551Asp
Lumacaftor for p.Phe508del
cause of tension pneumothorax
trauma
symptoms of tension pneumothorax
chest pain
SOB
tracheal deviation away from side affected
hyperresonant on percussion
treatment of tension pneumothorax
thoracentesis in 2nd intercostal space
mid-clavicular line to get air out then chest drain in same place
cause of bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus
symptoms of bronchiolitis
fever
drug cough
difficulty feeding
wheezing
diagnosis of bronchiolitis
examination
listen to breathing
history
signs of dehydration
treatment for bronchiolitis
paracetamol
ibuprofen
fluids
cause of COPD
smoking
mining
pollution
genetics
symptoms of COPD
SOB cough regular exacerbations cyanosis stridor wheeze resonant chest sounds purse lip breathing
diagnosis of COPD
spirometry
chest x-ray
ECG
alpha 1 trypsin test
treatment of COPD
stop smoking oxygen salbutamol ipratropium pulmonary rehab
symptoms of CF
SOB cough wheeze salty skin male infertility poor weight gain pneumonia constipation
