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Physiology > Respiratory teach - anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory teach - anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

which ribs are floating?

A

11 and 12

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2
Q

which ribs are false?

A

8-12

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3
Q

which ribs are true?

A

1-7

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4
Q

what are the different types of ribs?

A

true
false
floating

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5
Q

what is found at the base of the sternum?

A

xiphoid process

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6
Q

which ribs are least likely to fracture?

A

1 and 2 due to clavicle covering them

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7
Q

sternal angle

A

angle of louis

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8
Q

what does a rib fracture in a child suggest?

A

child abuse

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9
Q

mid-clavicular inferior border of lungs

A

6th rib

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10
Q

mid-clavicular inferior border of pleura

A

8th rib

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11
Q

mid-axillary inferior border of lungs

A

8th rib

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12
Q

mid-axillary inferior border of pleura

A

10th rib

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13
Q

mid-scapular inferior border of lungs

A

10th rib

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14
Q

mid-scapular inferior border of pleura

A

12th rib

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15
Q

what is the innervation of visceral pleura?

A

autonomic

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16
Q

what is the innervation of parietal pleura?

A

somatic

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17
Q

what are the layers of the pleura?

A

visceral

parietal

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18
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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19
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

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20
Q

what are the names of the right lung lobes?

A

superior
middle
inferior

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21
Q

what are the names of the left lung lobes?

A

superior, has a lingual portion for heart, which sits in cardiac notch
inferior

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22
Q

what are the fissures of the right lung?

A

horizontal

oblique

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23
Q

what are the fissures of the left lung?

A

oblique fissure

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24
Q

what does the horizontal fissure separate?

A

superior and middle lobes of right lung

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25
Q

what does the right oblique fissure separate?

A

middle and inferior lobes of right lung

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26
Q

what does the left oblique fissure separate?

A

superior (lingual portion) and inferior lobes of left lung

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27
Q

where is the trachea?

A

extends from C6-T5

28
Q

where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

bifurcates into bronchi at sternal angle - carina

29
Q

left side of bronchial tree

A 
left primary bronchus
2 secondary/ lobar bronchi
tertiary/ segmental bronchi
smaller bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct - alveolus
alveolar sac - alveolus
30
Q

right side of bronchial tree

A 
right primary bronchus
3 secondary/ lobar bronchi
tertiary/ segmental bronchi
smaller bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct - alveolus
alveolar sac - alveolus
31
Q

epithelium of trachea

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar
goblet cells
contains C-shaped rings of cartilage

32
Q

epithelium of main bronchi

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar
goblet cells
contain C-shaped rings of cartilage

33
Q

epithelium of lobar bronchi

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar
goblet cells
contain plates of cartilage

34
Q

epithelium of segmental bronchi

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar
goblet cells
contain plates of cartilage

35
Q

epithelium of larger bronchioles

A

ciliated simple columnar
goblet cells
contain more smooth muscle than in bronchi

36
Q

epithelium of smaller bronchioles

A

ciliated simple columnar
no goblet cells
contain more smooth muscle than in the larger bronchioles

37
Q

epithelium of terminal bronchioles

A

nonciliated simple columnar

contain more smooth muscle than in smaller bronchioles

38
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

simple cuboidal/ simple squamous
no cilia or goblet cells
gas exchange occurs here

39
Q

alveolar ducts

A

simple squamous
no cilia or goblet cells
gas exchange and production of surfactant occurs here

40
Q

alveoli

A

simple squamous but no cilia or goblet cells

gas exchange and production of surfactant occurs here

41
Q

what makes up the bronchi?

A 
main bronchi
lobar bronchi
segmental bronchi
larger bronchioles
smaller bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
42
Q

what makes up the lungs?

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts and sacs
alveoli
pleura

43
Q

what cells are found in the alveoli?

A

type 1 and 2 alveolar cells
macrophages/ club cells
fibroblasts

44
Q

what do type 1 alveolar cells do?

A

make up wall of alveoli

45
Q

what do type 2 alveolar cells do?

A

produce surfactant

46
Q

what do club cells do?

A

macrophages

immune cells of alveoli

47
Q

what do fibroblasts do?

A

maintain connective tissue of alveoli

48
Q

what is surfactant?

A

lipoprotein found between H2O molecules in alveoli

49
Q

what does surfactant do?

A

increases compliance by reducing surface tension

50
Q

what causes infant respiratory distress syndrome?

A

deficiency of surfactant

51
Q

what happens when there is a deficiency of surfactant?

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

52
Q

what are the functions of the larynx?

A

phonation
cough reflex
protection

53
Q

what are the types of cartilage in the larynx?

A

paired

unpaired

54
Q

paired laryngeal cartilage

A

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

55
Q

unpaired laryngeal cartilage

A

thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis

56
Q

what are the types of muscles in the larynx?

A

intrinsic

extrinsic

57
Q

intrinsic muscles of larynx

A 
cricothyroid
thyroarytenoid
posterior cricoarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
transverse/ oblique arytenoid muscles
58
Q

extrinsic muscles of larynx

A

suprahyoid
stylopharyngeus
infrahyoid

59
Q

innervation of larynx

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal nerve

60
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

sensory to infraglottis and intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid

61
Q

what does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

sensory to supraglottis and cricothyroid muscle

62
Q

blood supply to larynx

A

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

superior and inferior laryngeal veins

63
Q

vocal cords

A

vestibular folds - false vocal cords protect vocal folds

vocal folds allow speech

64
Q

what are the sections of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

65
Q

what are the muscles of the pharynx?

A

superior
middle
inferior
constrictors

66
Q

what is the innervation of the pharynx?

A

sensory - cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal)

motor - cranial nerve 10 (vagus)

Physiology (46 decks)

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