Respiratory system (Pt 2)

Question 1

Gas Transport in the Blood:
Inside red blood cells attached to ___

Answer 1

hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin [HbO2])

Question 2

carbon dioxide in gas transport in blood is Mostly is transported in the plasma as __

Answer 2

bicarbonate ion (HCO3–)

Question 3

Exchange of gases between blood and
body cells
 An opposite reaction to what occurs in
the lungs

Answer 3

Internal Respiration

Question 4

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of tissue to
blood
Oxygen diffuses from blood into tissue

Answer 4

Internal Respiration

Question 5

neural regulation:
Activity of respiratory muscles is transmitted
to the brain by the __ and __
nerves

Answer 5

phrenic and intercostal

Question 6

neural regulation:
Neural centers that control rate and depth are
located in the ___
The __appears to smooth out respiratory
rate

Answer 6

medulla;
pons

Question 7

Normal respiratory rate (__) is ___
respirations per minute

Answer 7

(eupnea);12–15

Question 8

is increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen needs

Answer 8

Hypernia

Question 9

Factors Influencing Respiratory
Rate and Depth (4)

Answer 9

Physical factors
Volition (conscious control)
Emotional factors
Chemical factors

Question 10

Physical factors Influencing Respiratory
Rate and Depth (4)

Answer 10

Increased body temperature
Exercise
Talking
Coughing

Question 11

Level of ___ in the blood is the
main regulatory chemical for respiration

Answer 11

carbon dioxide

Question 12

Changes in oxygen concentration in the
blood are detected by chemoreceptors in
the __ and __

Answer 12

aorta and carotid artery

Question 13

Respiratory Disorders:

Answer 13

Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD)

Question 14

Most victimes retain carbon dioxide, are
hypoxic and have respiratory acidosis
Those infected will ultimately develop
respiratory failure

Answer 14

Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD)

Question 15

Alveoli enlarge as adjacent chambers break
through
 Chronic inflammation promotes lung fibrosis

Answer 15

Emphysema

Question 16

Airways collapse during expiration
 Patients use a large amount of energy to
exhale

Answer 16

Emphysema

Question 17

Overinflation of the lungs leads to a
permanently expanded barrel chest
 Cyanosis appears late in the disease

Answer 17

Emphysema

Question 18

Mucosa of the lower respiratory
passages becomes severely inflamed
 Mucus production increases

Answer 18

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 19

Pooled mucus impairs ventilation and
gas exchange
 Risk of lung infection increases

Answer 19

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 20

Pneumonia is common
 Hypoxia and cyanosis occur early

Answer 20

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 21

Accounts for 1/3 of all cancer deaths in
the United States
 Increased incidence associated with
smoking

Answer 21

Lung Cancer

Question 22

Three common types of lung cancer

Answer 22

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Small cell carcinoma

Question 23

Apparently healthy infant stops breathing and dies during sleep
Some cases are thought to be a problem of the neural respiratory control
center

Answer 23

Sudden Infant Death syndrome
(SIDS)

Question 24

One third of cases appear to be due to
heart rhythm abnormalities

Answer 24

Sudden Infant Death syndrome
(SIDS)

Question 25

Chronic inflamed hypersensitive
bronchiole passages
 Response to irritants with dyspnea,
coughing, and wheezing

Answer 25

Asthma

Question 26

Important birth defects (2)


Answer 26

Cystic fibrosis –
Cleft palate

Question 27

respiration per minute:

Newborns –__ to __respirations per
minute
Infants –__ respirations per minute
Age 5 –__ respirations per minute
Adults –__ to
__ respirations per
minute

Answer 27

Newborns –40 to 80 respirations per
minute
Infants –30 respirations per minute
Age 5 –25 respirations per minute
Adults –12 to 18 respirations per
minute