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AnaPhy FINALS > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Breakdown of ingested food
Absorption of nutrients into the blood

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Production of cellular energy (ATP)
Constructive and degradative cellular
activities

A

Metabolism

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3
Q

– continuous coiled hollow
tube

A

Alimentary canal

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4
Q

Two main groups; Organs of the Digestive System

A

Alimentary canal
accessory digestive organs

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5
Q

Organs of the Alimentary Canal (7)

A

 Mouth
 Pharynx
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Small intestine
 Large intestine
 Anus

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6
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy: 9

A

Lips (labia);
Cheeks;
Hard palate;
Soft palate;
Uvula;
Vestibule;
Oral cavity;
Tongue;
Tonsil

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7
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy:

– protect the anterior opening

A

Lips (labia)

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8
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy:

– form the
lateral walls

A

Cheeks

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9
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy:
– forms
the anterior roof

A

Hard palate

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10
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy:

– forms
the posterior roof

A

Soft palate

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11
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy

– fleshy
projection of the
soft palate

A

Uvula

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12
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy:

– space
between lips
externally and teeth
and gums internally

A

Vestibule

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13
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy:

___– area
contained by the
teeth

A

Oral cavity

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14
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy:

– attached at
hyoid and styloid
processes of the
skull, and by the
lingual frenulum

A

Tongue

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15
Q

Tonsils (2)

A

Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsil

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16
Q

Processes of the Mouth:

 ___(chewing) of food
 Mixing masticated food with ____
 Initiation of swallowing by the ___
 Allowing for the sense of ___

A

Mastication;
saliva;
tongue;
taste

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17
Q

Pharynx Anatomy (3)

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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18
Q

Pharynx Anatomy:

___not part of the
digestive system

A

Nasopharynx

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19
Q

Pharynx Anatomy:

posterior to oral
cavity

A

Oropharynx

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20
Q

Pharynx Anatomy:

below the oropharynx
and connected to
the esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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21
Q

Serves as a passageway for air and food

A

pharynx

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22
Q

Food is propelled to the esophagus by two muscle layers:

A

Longitudinal inner layer
Circular outer layer

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23
Q

Food movement is by alternating
contractions of the muscle layers
(___)

A

peristalsis

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24
Q

Runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm; Conducts food by peristalsis;
Passageway for food only

A

esophagus

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25
Q

Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs (4)

A

Mucosa
submucosa
Muscularis externa
serosa

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26
Q

Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs:

A

Innermost layer
Moist membrane

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27
Q

Surface epithelium
Small amount of connective tissue
(lamina propria)
Small smooth muscle layer

A

Moist membrane (mucosa`)

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28
Q

Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs:

beneath the mucosa; Soft connective tissue with blood vessels,
nerve endings, and lymphatics

A

Submucosa

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29
Q

Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs:

– smooth muscle

A

Muscularis externa

30
Q

layers of Muscularis externa

A

Inner circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer

31
Q

Outermost layer– ___
Layer of serous fluid-producing cell

A

serosa: peritoneum

32
Q

All are part of the autonomic nervous
system

A

Alimentary Canal Nerve Plexuses

33
Q

Three separate networks of nerve fibers of alimentary canal

A

Submucosal nerve plexus
Myenteric nerve plexus
Subserous plexus

34
Q

__- Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity
 Food enters at the ___

A

stomach;
cardioesophageal
sphincter

35
Q

Regions of the stomach (4)

A

Cardiac region
Fundus
Body
Phylorus

36
Q

Regions of the stomach:

– near the heart
– funnel-shaped terminal end

A

Cardiac region;
Phylorus

37
Q

Food empties into the small intestine at
the _____

A

pyloric sphincter

38
Q

– internal folds of the mucosa of stomach

A

Rugae

39
Q

External regions of stomach

A

Lesser curvature
Greater curvature

40
Q

Layers of peritoneum attached to the stomach (2)

A

Lesser omentum;
Greater omentum

41
Q

____– attaches the liver to the
lesser curvature
____– attaches the greater
curvature to the posterior body wall

A

Lesser omentum;
Greater omentum

42
Q

Contains fat to insulate, cushion, and
protect abdominal organs

A

Layers of peritoneum

43
Q

Stomach Functions (4)

A

storage tank for food;
Site of food breakdown;
Chemical breakdown of protein;
Delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine

44
Q

Specialized Mucosa of the Stomach

A

Simple columnar epithelium

45
Q

Simple columnar epithelium (5)

A

Mucous neck cells;
Gastric glands;
Chief cells;
Parietal cells;
Endocrine cells

46
Q

____– produce a sticky
alkaline mucus
____– secrete gastric juice

A

Mucous neck cells;
Gastric glands

47
Q

cells:

___– produce protein-digesting
enzymes (pepsinogens)
____– produce hydrochloric acid
____– produce gastrin

A

Chief cells;
Parietal cells;
Endocrine cells

48
Q

Structure of the Stomach Mucosa

____ formed by folded mucosa
 Glands and specialized cells are in the ___

A

Gastric pits;
gastric gland region

49
Q

The body’s major digestive organ Site of nutrient absorption into the blood

A

Small Intestine

50
Q

small intestine is a Muscular tube extending from the ____ to the ___

A

pyloric sphincter;
ileocecal valve

51
Q

____ is Suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the ___

A

small intestine; mesentery

52
Q

Subdivisions of the Small Intestine (3)

A

Duodenum;
Jejunum;
Ileum

53
Q

Attached to the stomach
Curves around the head of the pancreas

A

Duodenum

54
Q

Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum

A

Jejunum

55
Q

Extends from jejunum to large intestine

A

Ileum

56
Q

Source of enzymes that are mixed with chyme for chemical digestion in s. intestine

A

Intestinal cells
Pancreas

57
Q

Bile enters from the ____

A

gall bladder

58
Q

Fingerlike
structures formed
by the mucosa
 Give the small
intestine more
surface area

A

vili (s. intestine)

59
Q

Small projections of the
plasma membrane
 Found on absorptive cells

A

Microvilli (s. intestine)

60
Q

Structures Involved in Absorption of Nutrients (3):
__
__
__- specialized
lymphatic capillaries

A

Absorptive cells
 Blood capillaries
 Lacteals

61
Q

Folds of the Small Intestine

A

circular folds or plicae circulares

62
Q

Deep folds of the mucosa and
submucosa
 Do not disappear when filled with food

A

circular folds or plicae circulares

63
Q

The submucosa has ____
(collections of lymphatic tissue

A

Peyer’s patches

64
Q

Larger in diameter, but shorter; Frames the internal abdomen

A

large intestine

65
Q

Functions of the Large Intestine (4)

A

water absorption
Eliminates indigestible food from the body as feces
Does not participate in digestion of food
produce mucus to act as a
lubricant (Goblet cells)

66
Q

Structures of the Large Intestine (5)

A

Cecum;
Appendix;
Colon;
Rectum
Anus

67
Q

–saclike first part of the large
intestine

A

Cecum

68
Q

Hangs from the cecum

A

Appendix

69
Q

Accumulation of lymphatic tissue that sometimes becomes inflamed
(___)

A

appendicitis

70
Q

Colon (4)

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
S-shaped sigmoidal

71
Q

– external body opening

A

Anus

72
Q

Modifications to the Muscularis
Externa in the Large Intestine:
 Smooth muscle is reduced to ___
 ____ have some degree of tone
 Walls are formed into pocketlike sacs
called ___

A

three bands (teniae coli);
Muscle bands;
haustra

AnaPhy FINALS (11 decks)

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