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AnaPhy FINALS > Digestive system (pt 2) > Flashcards

Digestive system (pt 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs (5)

A

 Salivary glands
 Teeth
 Pancreas
 Liver
 Gall bladder

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2
Q

Saliva-producing glands (3)

A

Parotid glands;
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

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3
Q

Saliva-producing glands
– located anterior to ears

A

Parotid glands

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4
Q

Mixture of mucus and serous fluids
 Helps to form a food bolus

A

saliva

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5
Q

Contains _____ to begin starch digestion
 Dissolves chemicals so they can be tasted

A

saliva; salivary amylase

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6
Q

The role is to masticate (chew) food; Humans have two sets of ___

A

Teeth

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7
Q

two sets of teeth

A

Deciduous (baby or milk) teeth;
Permanent teeth

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8
Q

___teeth are fully formed by age two

A

20

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9
Q

Replace deciduous teeth beginning between the ages of __; A full set is ___teeth

A

6 to 12; Permanent teeth; 32

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10
Q

Classification of Teeth (4)

A

 Incisors
 Canines
 Premolars
 Molars

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11
Q

Regions of a Tooth (3)

A

Crown;
Neck;
Root

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12
Q

– exposed
part of tooth

A

Crown

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13
Q

crown (3)

A

Outer enamel
Dentin
Pulp cavity

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14
Q

Region in contact
with the gum
 Connects crown to
root

A

Neck

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15
Q

Root (tooth):
___
attached to the
bone
____ carrying
blood vessels and
nerves

A

Periodontal
membrane;
Root canal

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16
Q

Produces a wide spectrum of digestive
enzymes that break down all categories of food

A

Pancreas

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17
Q

Enzymes are secreted into the ___
 ___ fluid introduced with enzymes
neutralizes acidic ___

A

duodenum;
Alkaline;
chyme

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18
Q

Endocrine products of pancreas (2)

A

Insulin
Glucagons

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19
Q

Largest gland in the body
 Located on the right side of the body
under the diaphragm

A

liver

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20
Q

Consists of four lobes suspended from
the diaphragm and abdominal wall by
the

A

falciform ligament; liver

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21
Q

Connected to the gall bladder via the common ___

A

liver; hepatic duct

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22
Q

Produced by cells in the liver

A

bile

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23
Q

Composition of bile (5)

A

Bile salts
Bile pigment (bilirubin)
Cholesterol
Phospholipids
Electrolytes

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24
Q

Sac found in hollow fossa of liver
Stores bile from the liver by way of the ___

A

Gall Bladder; cystic duct

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25
Q

Bile is introduced into the ___in
the presence of ___

A

duodenum; fatty food

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26
Q

___can cause blockages in gall bladder

A

Gallstones

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27
Q

Processes of the Digestive System (8)

A

Ingestion
Propulsion
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Mechanical digestion
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

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28
Q

process of getting food into the mouth

A

Ingestion

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29
Q

– moving foods from one
region of the digestive system to another

A

Propulsion

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30
Q

– alternating
waves of contraction

A

Peristalsis

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31
Q

– moving
materials back and forth
to aid in mixing

A

Segmentation

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32
Q

Mixing of food in the mouth by the tongue
Churning of food in the stomach
Segmentation in the small intestine

A

Mechanical digestion

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33
Q

Enzymes break down food molecules into
their building blocks

A

Chemical Digestion

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34
Q

Each major food group uses different enzymes:

Carbohydrates are broken to ___
Proteins are broken to ___
Fats are broken to ____

A

simple sugars;
amino acids;
fatty acids and alcohols

35
Q

End products of digestion are absorbed in the blood or lymph;
Food must enter mucosal cells and then
into blood or lymph capillaries

A

Absorption

36
Q

Elimination of indigestible substances as
feces

A

Defecation

37
Q

digestive activity is Mostly controlled by __via the
___division

A

reflexes; parasympathetic

38
Q

Stimuli of digestive activity (3)

A

Stretch of the organ
pH of the contents
Presence of breakdown products

39
Q

Reflexes digestive activity (2)

A

Activation or inhibition of glandular
secretions
Smooth muscle activity

40
Q

Digestive Activities of the Mouth (2)

A

Mechanical breakdown;
Chemical digestion

41
Q

Food is physically broken down by ___

A

chewing

42
Q

Food is mixed with __
Breaking of starch into ___by ___

A

chemical digestion;
saliva;
maltose;
salivary amylase

43
Q

2 phase Deglutition (Swallowing)

A

Buccal phase
Pharyngeal-esophageal phase

44
Q

Voluntary
Occurs in the mouth
Food is formed into a bolus

A

Buccal phase

45
Q

(phase)The bolus is forced into the pharynx by the
___

A

buccal phase; tongue

46
Q

Involuntary transport of the bolus
All passageways except to the stomach are
blocked

A

Pharyngeal-esophageal phase

47
Q

___blocks off the mouth
___) blocks the
nasopharynx
___blocks the larynx

A

Tongue ;
Soft palate (uvula;
Epiglottis

48
Q

___moves the bolus toward the
stomach

A

Peristalsis

49
Q

The ____ is opened
when food presses against it

A

cardioesophageal sphincter

50
Q

Gastric juice is regulated by ___ and __ factors

A

neural and
hormonal

51
Q

Presence of food or falling ___causes
the release of ___

A

pH; gastrin

52
Q

causes stomach glands to
produce protein-digesting enzymes

A

Gastrin

53
Q

___ makes the stomach
contents very acidic

A

Hydrocholoric acid

54
Q

Extremely Acid
Environment in the Stomach
 Activates__ to ___ for
protein digestion
Provides a hostile environment for __

A

pepsinogen to pepsin;
microorganisms

55
Q

Protein digestion enzymes (2)

A

Pepsin;
Rennin

56
Q

___– an active protein digesting
enzyme
___– works on digesting milk protein

A

Pepsin;
Rennin

57
Q

The only absorption that occurs in the
stomach is of __ and __

A

alcohol and aspirin

58
Q

Rippling peristalsis occurs in the ___
stomach

A

lower

59
Q

The ___meters out chyme into the small intestine (__ml at a time)

A

pylorus; 30

60
Q

stomach empties in ___
hours

A

four to six

61
Q

Break double sugars into simple sugars
Complete some protein digestion

A

Enzymes from the brush border

62
Q

play the major
digestive function; Help complete digestion of starch
(___); Carry out about half of all protein digestion
(___, etc.)

A

Pancreatic enzymes;
pancreatic amylase;
trypsin

63
Q

Responsible for fat digestion (___)
Digest nucleic acids (___)
__content neutralizes acidic chyme

A

lipase;
nucleases;
Alkaline

64
Q

Stimulation of the Release of Pancreatic Juice

A

Vagus nerve
 Local hormones (Secretin; Cholecystokinin)

65
Q

End products of digestion
Most substances are absorbed by ___ through cell membranes
Lipids are absorbed by ___

A

active transport;
diffusion

66
Q

Substances are transported to the liver
by the ____

A

hepatic portal vein or lymph

67
Q

___is the major means of moving food
 _____-
Mix chyme with digestive juices; Aid in propelling food

A

Peristalsis ;
Segmental movements

68
Q

____digest remaining nutrients
Produce some vitamin K and B; Release gases

A

Resident bacteria

69
Q

___,__, __ are absorbed in large intestine

A

Water and vitamins K and B

70
Q

Slow, powerful movements
Occur three to four times per day

A

Mass movements

71
Q

Presence of feces in the rectum causes a

A

defecation reflex

72
Q

____ is relaxed
____occurs with relaxation of the voluntary (external) anal sphincter

A

Internal anal sphincter;
Defecation

73
Q

Energy intake and output remain about ___

A

equal

74
Q

Mechanisms that may regulate food intake (4)

A

Levels of nutrients in the blood
Hormones
Body temperature
Psychological factors

75
Q

– amount of
heat produced by the body per unit of time at rest

A

Basic metabolic rate (BMR)

76
Q

Factors that influence BMR (4)

A

Surface area
Gender
Age
amount of thyroxine produced (most important)

77
Q

Total amount of kilocalories the body
must consume to fuel ongoing activities

A

Total Metabolic Rate (TMR)

78
Q

must equal calories consumed to
maintain homeostasis and maintain a
constant weight

A

TMR

79
Q

The ____ is a continuous tube
by the __ week of development

A

alimentary canal; fifth week

80
Q

____bud from the mucosa of
the alimentary tube

A

Digestive glands

81
Q

The developing fetus receives all nutrients through the __

A

placenta

82
Q

Teething begins around age ___

A

six months

83
Q

Middle age digestive problems

A

Ulcers
Gall bladder problems

AnaPhy FINALS (11 decks)

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