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AnaPhy FINALS > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system is a closed system of the __

A

heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

____ = pumps blood
blood vessels = ___

A

heart;
blood circulation

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3
Q

the ___ is located at the Thorax between the lungs
Pointed apex directed toward left hip

A

heart

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4
Q

Heart: Coverings

A

pericardium (visceral and parietal)

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5
Q

__– a double serous
membrane of the heart

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

____pericardium= Next to heart
___pericardium= Outside layer

A

Visceral ;
Parietal

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7
Q

___ fills the space between the
layers of pericardium

A

Serous fluid

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8
Q

Three layers of heart wall

A

Epicardium;
Myocardium;
Endocardium

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9
Q

heart wall:
Outside layer
This layer is the parietal pericardium
Connective tissue layer

A

Epicardium

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10
Q

heart wall:

Middle layer
Mostly cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

Heart wall:

Inner layer
Endothelium

A

Endocardium

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12
Q

heart chambers (4)

A

atria (right and left)
ventricle (right and left)

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13
Q

receiving chambers=
discharging chambers=

A

atria;
ventricle

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14
Q

heart valves (4)

A

Atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid)
semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic)

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15
Q

____valves– between atria and
ventricles;
___valves between ventricle and
artery

A

Atrioventricular;
Semilunar

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16
Q

valves are Held in place by ____
(“heart strings”)

A

chordae tendineae

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17
Q

open as blood is pumped
through;
Close to prevent backflow

A

valves

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18
Q

Associated Great Vessels (4)

A

Aorta;
Pulmonary arteries
Vena cava
Pulmonary veins

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19
Q

___= Leaves left ventricle
___= Leave right ventricle

A

Aorta;
Pulmonary arteries

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20
Q

___= Enters right atrium
___)= Enter left atrium

A

Vena cava;
Pulmonary veins (four

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21
Q

Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium; The heart has its own nourishing
circulatory system

A

Coronary Circulation

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22
Q

heart has its own nourishing
circulatory system (3)

A

Coronary arteries
Cardiac veins
coronary sinus (where blood empties into the right atrium)

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23
Q

Heart muscle cells contract, without nerve
impulses, in a regular, continuous way

A

Intrinsic conduction system
(nodal system)

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24
Q

Special tissue sets the pace of the conduction system (5)

A

Sinoatrial node (Pacemaker)
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers

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25
Q

Contraction is initiated by the

A

sinoatrial node

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26
Q

Ventricular filling and atrial contraction = ___

A

mid-to-late diastole

27
Q

isovolumetric contraction phase and ventricular ejection phase=___

A

ventricular systole (atria in diastole)

28
Q

isovolumetric relaxation=___

A

early diastole

29
Q

Atria contract simultaneously
 Atria relax, then ventricles contract

A

Cardiac Cycle

30
Q

Systole = ___
Diastole = ___

A

contraction;
relaxation

31
Q

– events of one complete
heart beat

A

Cardiac cycle

32
Q

____– blood flows into ventricles

A

Mid-to-late diastole

33
Q

____– blood pressure builds
before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood

A

Ventricular systole

34
Q

___– atria finish re-filling,
ventricular pressure is low

A

Early diastole

35
Q

Amount of blood pumped by each side of
the heart in one minute

A

Cardiac output (CO)

36
Q

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle
in one contraction

A

Stroke volume

37
Q

___– the more that the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction

A

Starling’s law of the heart

38
Q

Changing ___ is the most
common way to change cardiac output

A

heart rate

38
Q

increased heart rate is regulated by (4)

A

Sympathetic nervous system;
Hormones;
Exercise
Decreased blood volume

39
Q

Decreased heart rate is regulated by: (3)

A

Parasympathetic nervous system
High blood pressure or blood volume
Dereased venous return

40
Q

Three layers (tunics) of blood vessel

A

Tunic intima;
Tunic media;
Tunic externa;

41
Q

Three layers (tunics)
Tunic ___= Endothelium
Tunic ___= Mostly fibrous connective tissue

A

intima;
externa

42
Q

Tunic ___= Smooth muscle; Controlled by sympathetic nervous system

A

media

43
Q

___of arteries are the thickest
___of veins are larger

A

Walls ;
Lumens

44
Q

____ “milks” blood in veins toward the heart
____ are only one cell layer thick to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue

A

Skeletal muscle;
Walls of capillaries

45
Q

Capillary beds
consist of two
types of vessels

A

Vascular shunt;
True capillaries

46
Q

vessel of capillary beds that directly connects an
arteriole to a venule

A

Vascular shunt

47
Q

exchange vessels
Oxygen and nutrients cross to cells
Carbon dioxide and metabolic
waste products cross into blood

A

True capillaries

48
Q

pressure wave of blood

A

Pulse

49
Q

Pulse is Monitored at
“___” where
pulse is easily
palpated

A

pressure
points

50
Q

Measurements by health professionals
are made on the pressure in

A

large
arteries

51
Q

__– pressure at the peak of
ventricular contraction
___– pressure when ventricles relax

A

Systolic;
Diastolic

52
Q

Pressure in blood vessels __as
the distance away from the heart
___

A

decreases ;
increases

53
Q

factors that affect blood pressure (5)

A

Neural factors
Renal factors
Temperature
Chemical
Diet

54
Q

– hormonal control in blood pressure

A

Renin

55
Q

Heat has a __effect
Cold has a ___effect

A

vasodilation;
vasoconstricting

56
Q

Normal blood pressure
__-___ mm Hg systolic
__-__ mm Hg diastolic

A

140–110;
80–75

57
Q

Low systolic (below __ mm HG)
Often associated with illness

A

Hypotension; 110

58
Q

High systolic (above __ mm HG)
Can be dangerous if it is chronic

A

Hypertension; 140

59
Q

Substances exchanged due to
_____:
___and nutrients leave the blood
___ and other wastes leave the cells

A

concentration gradients;
Oxygen ;
Carbon dioxide

60
Q

Capillary Exchange: Mechanisms (4)

A

Direct diffusion;
Endocytosis or exocytosis;
gaps (intercellular clefts);
Fenestrations

61
Q

A simple “___” develops in the embryo and pumps by the __week
The heart becomes a four-chambered organ by the end of ___weeks

A

tube heart; fourth ;
seven

62
Q

(where blood empties into the right atrium)

A

coronary sinus

AnaPhy FINALS (11 decks)

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