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AnaPhy FINALS > Respiratory system (Pt. 1) > Flashcards

Respiratory system (Pt. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Exchange of gasses takes place within the
lungs in the ___(only site of gas exchange,
other structures passageways

A

alveoli

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2
Q

Organs of the Respiratory system (6)

A

 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs

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3
Q

____ are located in the
mucosa on the superior surface
 The rest of the cavity is lined with ___

A

Olfactory receptors;
respiratory mucosa

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4
Q

Lateral walls have projections called
____

A

conchae

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5
Q

Increases surface area
Increases air turbulence within the nasal
cavity

A

conchae

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6
Q

Moistens air
Traps incoming foreign particles

A

respiratory mucosa

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7
Q

The nasal cavity is separated from the
oral cavity by the ___

A

palate

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8
Q

two types of palate

A

Anterior hard palate (bone)
Posterior soft palate (muscle)

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9
Q

Cavities within bones surrounding the
nasal cavity

A

Paranasal Sinuses

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10
Q

bones of Paranasal Sinuses (4)

A

Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Maxillary bone

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11
Q

Function of the sinuses (3)

A

Lighten the skull
Act as resonance chambers for speech
Produce mucus that drains into the nasal
cavity

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12
Q

Muscular passage from nasal cavity to
larynx

A

Pharynx (Throat)

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13
Q

Three regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx;
Oropharynx;
Laryngopharynx

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14
Q

regions of pharynx=
___– superior region behind
nasal cavity
____ – middle region behind mouth
____ – inferior region attached
to larynx

A

Nasopharynx ;
Oropharynx;
Laryngopharynx

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15
Q

The __ and __ are
common passageways for air and food

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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16
Q

Auditory tubes enter the ____

A

nasopharynx

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17
Q

Tonsils of the pharynx (3)

A

Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils

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18
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) in the
____
Palatine tonsils in the ___
Lingual tonsils at the ___

A

nasopharynx;
oropharynx;
base of the tongue

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19
Q

voice box; Routes air and food into proper channels; Plays a role in speech

A

Larynx

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20
Q

Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage (____)

A

Larynx;
epiglottis

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21
Q

Structures of the Larynx (4)

A

Thyroid cartilage;
Epiglottis;
Vocal cords (vocal folds)
Glottis

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22
Q

Largest hyaline cartilage
Protrudes anteriorly (Adam’s apple)

A

Thyroid cartilage

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23
Q

Superior opening of the larynx
Routes food to the larynx and air toward
the trachea

A

Epiglottis

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24
Q

Vibrate with expelled air to create sound
(speech)

A

Vocal cords (vocal folds)

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25
Q

– opening between vocal cords

A

Glottis

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26
Q

windpipe; Connects larynx with bronchi; Lined with ciliated mucosa

A

Trachea

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27
Q

Beat continuously in the opposite direction of
incoming air
Expel mucus loaded with dust and other
debris away from lungs

A

ciliated mucosa

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28
Q

Trachea Walls are reinforced with ___

A

C-shaped
hyaline cartilage

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29
Q

Formed by division of the trachea
 Enters the lung at the hilus (medial depression)

A

Primary bronchi

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30
Q

Right bronchus is __, __, ___ than left

A

wider, shorter,
and straighter

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31
Q

Occupy most of the thoracic cavity

A

lungs

32
Q

Apex is near the clavicle (superior portion)
Base rests on the diaphragm (inferior
portion)

A

thoracic cavity

33
Q

Each lung is divided into lobes by ___
Left lung – __lobes
Right lung – __lobes

A

fissures;
two
three

34
Q

Coverings of the Lungs (2)

A

Pulmonary (visceral) pleura
Parietal pleura

35
Q

_____ covers the
lung surface
____ lines the walls of the
thoracic cavity
___ fills the area between
layers of pleura to allow gliding

A

 Pulmonary (visceral) pleura;
 Parietal pleura;
 Pleural fluid

36
Q

Respiratory Tree Divisions (5)

A

 Primary bronchi
 Secondary bronchi
 Tertiary bronchi
 Bronchioli
 Terminal bronchioli

37
Q

Smallest
branches of
the bronchi

A

Bronchioles

38
Q

Terminal
bronchioles end
in ___

A

alveoli

39
Q

Structures of respiratory zone (3)

A

Respiratory bronchioli
Alveolar duct
Alveoli

40
Q

site of gas exchange

A

respiratory zone

41
Q

Structure of alveoli (3)

A

Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Alveolus

42
Q

Thin squamous epithelial layer lining alveolar walls

A

Respiratory Membrane
(Air
Blood Barrier)

43
Q

___cover external
surfaces of alveoli

A

Pulmonary capillaries

44
Q

Gas crosses the respiratory membrane
by __

A

diffusion

45
Q

Oxygen enters the __
Carbon dioxide enters the ___

A

blood;
alveoli

46
Q

___add protection;

 ____coats gas-exposed alveolar
surfaces

A

Macrophages ;
Surfactant

47
Q

Events of Respiration (4

A

Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Respiratory gas transport
Internal respiration

48
Q

respiration event
– moving air in and
out of the lungs

A

Pulmonary ventilation

49
Q

respiration event:
– gas exchange
between pulmonary blood and alveoli

A

External respiration

50
Q

Respiration event:
___ – transport of
oxygen and carbon dioxide via the
bloodstream

A

Respiratory gas transport

51
Q

Respiratory event:
– gas exchange
between blood and tissue cells in
systemic capillaries

A

Internal respiration

52
Q

Completely mechanical process; Depends on volume changes in the
thoracic cavity

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

53
Q

___changes lead to pressure
changes, which lead to the flow of
gases to ___ pressure

A

Volume ;
equalize

54
Q

Two phases of pulmonary ventilation

A

Inspiration
expiration

55
Q

___– flow of air into lung
___– air leaving lung

A

Inspiration ;
Expiration

56
Q

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract; size of the thoracic cavity increases

A

Inspiration

57
Q

External air is pulled into the lungs due to
an increase in intrapulmonary volume

A

inspiration

58
Q

Largely a passive process which depends
on natural lung elasticity;
As muscles relax, air is pushed out of the
lungs

A

exhalation

59
Q

can occur mostly by
contracting internal intercostal muscles to
depress the rib cage

A

Forced expiration

60
Q

Can be caused by reflexes or voluntary
actions

A

Nonrespiratory Air Movements

61
Q

examples of Nonrespiratory Air Movements (5)

A

Cough and sneeze – clears lungs of debris
Laughing
Crying
Yawn
Hiccup

62
Q

Normal breathing moves about 500 ml of air
with each breath (called ___)

A

tidal volume [TV]

63
Q

factors that affect respiratory capacity (4)

A

person’s size
Sex
Age
Physical condition

64
Q

___– after exhalation,
about 1200 ml of air remains in the lungs

A

Residual volume of air

65
Q

Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly
over the tidal volume

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

66
Q

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

67
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)= __ and __ml
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)= approx__ ml

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)= 2100 and 3200ml
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)= approx1200ml

68
Q

Air remaining in lung after expiration
About 1200 ml

A

Residual volume

69
Q

The total amount of exchangeable air

A

Vital capacity

70
Q

Air that remains in conducting zone and
never reaches alveoli
About 150 ml

A

Dead space volume

71
Q

Air that actually reaches the respiratory
zone
Usually about 350 ml

A

Functional volume

72
Q

Respiratory capacities are measured
with a ___

A

spirometer

73
Q

Sounds are monitored with a ___

A

stethoscope

74
Q

___ – produced by air
rushing through trachea and bronchi

A

Bronchial sounds

75
Q

– soft sounds of air filling alveoli

A

Vesicular breathing sounds

76
Q

Oxygen movement into the blood; Pulmonary capillary blood gains oxygen

A

External Respiration

77
Q

Carbon dioxide movement out of the blood; Blood leaving the lungs is oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-poor

A

External Respiration

AnaPhy FINALS (11 decks)

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