Respiratory System Part 2

Question 1

Functions of the Vertebral Column

Answer 1

1. protects spinal cord
2. supports the torso
3. provides points for muscle attachment
4. absorbs and cushions the shock and stress transmitted during walking and running
5. joints for inter-vertebral motion

Question 2

C1-C7

Answer 2

Cervical Vertebrae

Question 3

T1-T12

Answer 3

Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 4

L1-L5

Answer 4

Lumbar Vertebrae

Question 5

4-5 Vertebrae

Answer 5

Sacral

Question 6

Vestigial Tail Section

Answer 6

Coccyx

Question 7

Corpus

Answer 7

• BODY of the vertebrae
• weight bearing

Question 8

Foramen

Answer 8

• allows nerve and vascular passage
• an actual hole

Question 9

Spinous Process

Answer 9

• for attachment of muscles and ligaments
• protective function as well

Question 10

Transverse Process

Answer 10

• horizontal
• also point of attachment for ribs

Question 11

3 types of vertebrae

Answer 11

1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar

• IDed a letter to designate type (C, L, T)
• IDed a number to indicate position (1,2..10)

Question 12

Cervical Vertebrae Distinguishing Characteristics

Answer 12

• Foramen in transverse process to allow blood vessels and nerves to pass
• small corpus relative to other vertebral segments
• small transverse process

Question 13

Atlas: C1

Answer 13

• looks like ring of bone, no body or spinous process
• supports weight of the skull
• joint btw atlas C1 and axis C2
• allows unlimited pivot of skull

Question 14

Axis: C2

Answer 14

• axis forms a pivot around which the atlas and skull rotate
• special landmark- ondontoid process

Question 15

Odontoid Process

Answer 15

• prevents injury to upper spinal cord by limiting pivoting

Question 16

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 16

• Costal (RIB) articulatory facets on transverse process and vertebral bodies allow rib artic and attach via synovial joints

Question 17

Costo-Central Articulation

Answer 17

• gliding joint created between body of vertebrae and head of rib-superior/inferior costal facets

Question 18

Costo-Transverse Articulation

Answer 18

• gliding joint created between transverse process and shaft of rib

Question 19

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 19

• massive corpus
• lack transverse foramen and articular facets on transverse process and vertebral bodies
• spinous process directed horizontally
  
  • as opposed to usual dorsal and inferior direction
• holds up everything

Question 20

Sternum aka breast bone

Answer 20

• Manubrium
• Corpus
• Xiphoid Process

Question 21

Manubrium Sterni

Answer 21

• facet for collar bone and first rib

Question 22

Corpus Sterni

Answer 22

• facets for ribs 2-7

Question 23

Xiphoid Process

Answer 23

• small extention at the bottom of sternum

Question 24

how many ribs are there?

Answer 24

• 12 pairs

Question 25

Ribs 1-10 connect with…

Answer 25

sternum via costal cartilage

Question 26

Ribs 11 and 12..

Answer 26

are floaters….they have no attachment

Question 27

True ribs

Answer 27

first 7

Question 28

false ribs

Answer 28

8, 9, 10

Question 29

floating ribs

Answer 29

11 and 12

Question 30

Rib Morphology

Answer 30

• head and tabernacle provide articulating surface with vertebrae

Question 31

Rib Angle

Answer 31

point where the rib abruptly changes direction

Question 32

Rib Shaft

Answer 32

bulk of rib

Question 33

Shoulder Girdle

Answer 33

consists of scapula and clavicle

Question 34

Clavicle

Answer 34

articulates laterally with scapula and medially with manubrium

Question 35

Scapula

Answer 35

articulates with clavicle and humerus of arm

Question 36

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 36

• composed of Illium, Public bone, and sacrum
• each hip articulates with corresponding head of femur
• fused anteriorly at pubic symphysis