Respiratory System Part 2 Flashcards
Functions of the Vertebral Column
- protects spinal cord
- supports the torso
- provides points for muscle attachment
- absorbs and cushions the shock and stress transmitted during walking and running
- joints for inter-vertebral motion
C1-C7
Cervical Vertebrae
T1-T12
Thoracic Vertebrae
L1-L5
Lumbar Vertebrae
4-5 Vertebrae
Sacral
Vestigial Tail Section
Coccyx
Corpus
- BODY of the vertebrae
- weight bearing
Foramen
- allows nerve and vascular passage
- an actual hole
Spinous Process
- for attachment of muscles and ligaments
- protective function as well
Transverse Process
- horizontal
- also point of attachment for ribs
3 types of vertebrae
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- IDed a letter to designate type (C, L, T)
- IDed a number to indicate position (1,2..10)
Cervical Vertebrae Distinguishing Characteristics
- Foramen in transverse process to allow blood vessels and nerves to pass
- small corpus relative to other vertebral segments
- small transverse process
Atlas: C1
- looks like ring of bone, no body or spinous process
- supports weight of the skull
- joint btw atlas C1 and axis C2
- allows unlimited pivot of skull
Axis: C2
- axis forms a pivot around which the atlas and skull rotate
- special landmark- ondontoid process
Odontoid Process
- prevents injury to upper spinal cord by limiting pivoting
Thoracic Vertebrae
- Costal (RIB) articulatory facets on transverse process and vertebral bodies allow rib artic and attach via synovial joints
Costo-Central Articulation
- gliding joint created between body of vertebrae and head of rib-superior/inferior costal facets
Costo-Transverse Articulation
- gliding joint created between transverse process and shaft of rib
Lumbar Vertebrae
- massive corpus
- lack transverse foramen and articular facets on transverse process and vertebral bodies
- spinous process directed horizontally
- as opposed to usual dorsal and inferior direction
- holds up everything
Sternum aka breast bone
- Manubrium
- Corpus
- Xiphoid Process
Manubrium Sterni
- facet for collar bone and first rib
Corpus Sterni
- facets for ribs 2-7
Xiphoid Process
- small extention at the bottom of sternum
how many ribs are there?
- 12 pairs
Ribs 1-10 connect with…
sternum via costal cartilage
Ribs 11 and 12..
are floaters….they have no attachment
True ribs
first 7
false ribs
8, 9, 10
floating ribs
11 and 12
Rib Morphology
- head and tabernacle provide articulating surface with vertebrae
Rib Angle
point where the rib abruptly changes direction
Rib Shaft
bulk of rib
Shoulder Girdle
consists of scapula and clavicle
Clavicle
articulates laterally with scapula and medially with manubrium
Scapula
articulates with clavicle and humerus of arm
Pelvic Girdle
- composed of Illium, Public bone, and sacrum
- each hip articulates with corresponding head of femur
- fused anteriorly at pubic symphysis
