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Anatomy and Physiology of Speech > Muscles of Respiration > Flashcards

Muscles of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of Inspiration..

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Scalenes
  3. Pectoralis Major
  4. Pectoralis Minor
  5. Subclavius
  6. Trapezius
  7. Diaphragm
  8. External Intercostals
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2
Q

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

A
  • raise and expand rib cage (thoratic cavity)
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3
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

A
  • anterior neck muscle
  • flex and rotate the head
  • cosists of
    • Sternal Head
    • Clavicular Head
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4
Q

What are the 2 origins of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A
  • Sternal Head Origin= manubrium
  • Clavicular Head Origin= sternal end of clavicle
  • 2 origins run into same muscle
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5
Q

Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

A
  • two heads unite and continue upward to insert as a single muscle into mastoid process of temporal bone
  • INSERTION STAYS STABLE, RIB CAGE MOVES
  • reverse typical function on origin-insertion
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6
Q

Scalenes

A
  • anterior, middle, and posterior
  • Cervical Vertebrae
  • origin is above insertion
  • insertion is pulled up towards origin and rib cage is pulled up
  • as the rib cage expands, this helps us breathe
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7
Q

Anterior Scalenes Origin

A
  • transverse process of C3-C6
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8
Q

Anterior Scalenes Insertion

A
  • course down and insert at upper surface of 1st rib
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9
Q

Middle Scalenes Origin

A
  • transverse process of C2-C7
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10
Q

Middle Scalenes Insertion

A
  • upper surface of 1st rib
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11
Q

Posterior Scalenes Origin

A
  • transverse process of lowest two cervical vertebrae
  • C6 and C7
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12
Q

Posterior Scalenes Insertion

A
  • outer surface of 2nd rib
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13
Q

Pectoralis Major

A
  • powerful muscle
  • adduction and rotation of arm
  • elevate rib cage
  • insertion stays stable!
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14
Q

Pectoralis Major Origin

A
  • clavicle and sternum
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15
Q

Pectoralis Major Insertion

A
  • humerus
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16
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A
  • deep to pectoralis major
  • depress shoulders
  • elevate ribs
  • insertion stays stable!
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17
Q

Pectoralis Minor Origin

A
  • anterior surfaces of ribs 2-5
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18
Q

Pectoralis Minor Insertion

A
  • scapula
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19
Q

Subclavius

A
  • draws shoulders forward and slightly downward
  • elevate ribs
  • insertion stays stable!
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20
Q

Subclavius Origin

A
  • junction of rib 1 and costal cart
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21
Q

Subclavius Insertion

A
  • inferior border of clavicle
22
Q

Trapezius

A
  • superficial, thick, broad, trapezoid shaped muscle in the upper back
  • elevates and upwardly rotates scapula
  • retracts scapula
  • tilts head backwards
  • stablizes shoulders and indirectly the rib cage
23
Q

Trapezius Origins

A
  • cranial base
  • cervical vertebrae
  • thoracic vertebrae
24
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A
  • scapula
  • lateral third of clavicle
25
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • divides thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
  • dome shaped structure
  • penetrated by esophagus and aorta
26
Q

Diaphragm Action

A
  • flattens
  • drives central tendon inferiorly
  • inhalation
  • creates more space in thoracic cavity
27
Q

Diaphragm Origins

A
  • lower perimeter of the rib cage (ribs 7-11)
  • xiphoid process of sternum
  • bodies of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
  • rising to an elevated central tendon
28
Q

Diaphragm Insertion

A
  • central tendon
29
Q

External Intercostals

A
  • between the ribs
  • raise the ribs
30
Q

External Intercostals Origin

A
  • inferior margin (bottom) of one rib
31
Q

External Intercostals Insertion

A
  • superior margin (top) of the subadjacent rib
32
Q

Muscles of Expiration

A
  • Transverse Abdominal
  • Internal Abdominal Oblique
  • External Oblique
  • Internal Intercostals
  • Rectus Abdominis
33
Q

Transverse Abdominal

A
  • deepest and thinnest of 3 lateral abdominal muscles
  • encircles the abdominal inner surfaces
34
Q

Transverse Abdominal Action

A
  • Antagonist to diaphragm
  • compress abdomen
  • = exhalation
  • pushes up on diaphragm and creates less space in thoracic cavity
35
Q

Transverse Abdominal Origins

A
  • inner surfaces of ribs 6-12
  • lumdodorsal fascia
  • anterior 3/4 illiac crest
36
Q

Transverse Abdominal Insertion

A
  • abdominal aponeurosis
  • ..is a broad tendon
37
Q

Internal Abdominal Oblique

A
  • compress abdomen
  • push contents up
  • exhalation
38
Q

Internal Abdominal Oblique Origin

A
  • lateral half of inguinal ligament
  • anterior 2/3 of illiac crest
39
Q

Internal Abdominal Oblique Insertion

A
  • lower borders of ribs 8, 9, 10
  • linea alba
40
Q

External Oblique

A
  • thickest of the 3 muscles of the lateral abdominal wall and most superficial
41
Q

External Oblique Action

A
  • Compresses abdominal contents
  • exhalation
42
Q

External Oblique Origin

A
  • exterior surfaces and lower borders of ribs 5-12
43
Q

External Oblique Insertion

A
  • anterior half of illiac crest
  • abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
44
Q

Internal Intercostals

A
  • lie deep to the external intercostals
  • fiber orientation is oblique
  • superior attachment is more distant from the vertebral end than the inferior attachment
45
Q

Internal Intercostals Action

A
  • brings rib closer together up and inward
  • less thoracic cavity space
46
Q

Internal Intercostal Origin

A
  • inferior margin of one rib
47
Q

Internal Intercostals Insertion

A
  • superior margin of subjacent rib
48
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A
  • depress rib cage
  • causes content to be compressed
  • less space
49
Q

Rectus Abdominis Origin

A
  • pubic bone
50
Q

Rectus Abdominis Insertion

A
  • xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5, 6, and 7.

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech (22 decks)

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