RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LAB Flashcards
What is the function of the respiratory system?
the respiratory system provides oxygen the cells and removes carbon dioxide from the body
How do the cells use oxygen?
oxygen is used by the cells as a terminal electron receptor
What is carbon dioxide?
carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration
Describe the movement of atmospheric oxygen within the respiratory system.
atmospheric oxygen moves into the lungs and diffuses in the circulatory system
What is the result of too much carbon dioxide within the blood?
too much carbon dioxide within the blood increases the hydrogen ion concentration within the blood
What is the result of an increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood?
an increased concentration of hydrogen ions causes acidosis of the blood
True or False: the respiratory system is integrated into other anatomical systems?
true; the respiratory system is integrated into other anatomical systems
What are the main organs of the respiratory system?
the main organs of the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Which of the main organs compose the upper respiratory system?
the nose, pharynx, and compose the upper respiratory airways
Which of the main organs compose the lower respiratory system?
the trachea, bronchi, and lungs make up the lower respiratory ariways
The framework of the nose is composed of what?
the framework of the nose is composed of bone a cartilage
What is anterior portion of the nose comprised of?
the anterior portion of the nose is comprised of hyaline cartilage
What is the posterior portion of the nose comprised of?
the posterior portion of the nose is compromised of bone
What are the initial openings of the respiratory system called?
the two initial opening of the respiratory system are called the external/ anterior nares
The external/ anterior nares lead to what?
the external nares lead to the nasal cavity
Describe the function of the nasal septum.
the nasal septum is responsible for separating the nasal cavity into right and left portions
Which part of the nasal cavity is highly vascularized and the sight of nosebleeds?
the nasal septum is highly vascularized and is the site of nosebleeds
What are the three curved, bony structures that extend into the nasal cavity?
the three curved, bony structures that extend into the nasal cavity are the superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae/ turbinates
Describe the meatus.
the meatus is a concavity beneath each of the conchae which increases the surface area of the nose
What is the function of the meatuses?
the meatuses are responsible for warming and humidifying the air breathed in
What is the name of the palate that forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
the bony/ hard palate forms the floor of the nasal cavity
The nasal cavity ends with which two openings?
the nasal cavity ends with the internal/ posterior nares
The nasal cavity leads into which respiratory organ?
the nasal cavity leads into the pharynx
The pharynx is commonly known as what?
the pharynx is commonly known as the throat
The pharynx is divided into which three regions?
the pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Describe where the nasopharynx begins and ends.
the nasopharynx begins at the external nares and ends at the soft palate
Describe where the oropharynx begins and ends.
the oropharynx begins at the soft palate and ends at the hyoid bone
Describe where the laryngopharynx begins and ends.
the laryngopharynx begins at the hyoid bone and ends at the esophagus
Where is the soft palate found?
the soft palate is found in the pharynx
Describe the anatomical position of the soft palate as it relates to the hard palate.
the soft palate is a posterior extension of the hard palate
Describe the anatomical position of the uvula as it relates to the soft palate.
the uvula is the oval-shaped tissue that dangles inferiorly as an extension of the soft palate
What is the function of the uvula?
the uvula is responsible preventing fluids from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing and directing food into the laryngopharynx
Which structures have openings from the middle ear into the nasopharynx?
the auditory tubes/ eustachian tubes have openings from the middle ear into the nasopharynx
Which tonsil is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?
the pharyngeal tonsil/ adenoid tonsil is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx
The palatine and lingual tonsils are apart of which respiratory structure?
the palatine and lingual structures are apart of the oropharynx
How are infections able to be spread from the ears to the nose/ mouth?
infections are able to be spread throughout these areas because they are connected by ducts
The larynx is also known as what?
the larynx is also known as the “voice box”
The larynx connects which two respiratory structures?
the larynx connected the laryngopharynx and the trachea
How many hyaline cartilages does the larynx consist of?
the larynx consists of nine hyaline cartilages
The vocal cords are housed by which anatomical structure?
the vocal cords are housed by the larynx
What is the most important for sounds production?
the larynx
The larynx contains which three paired cartliages?
the larynx contains the arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages
Describe the location of the arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages.
the arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages are located on the posterior wall of the larynx
The larynx contains which three singular cartilages?
the larynx contains the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis
Which cartilages comprise the main body of the larynx?
the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis comprise the main body of the larynx
Which is the largest cartilage of the larynx?
the thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage of the larynx
What is the large prominence on the anterior portion of the thyroid cartilage called?
the large prominence on the anterior portion of the thyroid cartilage is called the laryngeal prominence
What is another term for the laryngeal prominence?
the laryngeal prominence is also known as the “adam’s apple”
what is the laryngeal cartilage made up of?
the laryngeal cartilage is made up of hyaline cartilage
Describe the anatomical structure/ position of cricoid cartilage.
cricoid cartilage is inferior to the thyroid cartilage and is larger posteriorly than anteriorly
What is cricoid cartilage made up of?
cricoid cartilage is made up of hyaline cartilage
Define the glottis.
the glottis is the opening that allows air into the larynx
What is the epiglottis made up of?
the epiglottis is made up of elastic cartilage
What is the function of the epiglottis?
the epiglottis covers the glottis during swallowing
What is the clinical significance of the hyoid bone?
in forensic pathology fractures of the hyoid bone are observed for signs of strangulation
Describe the anatomical position of the hyoid bone.
the hyoid bone is a slender bone between the chin and larynx
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
the hyoid bone functions to attach several muscles that control the mandible, tongue, and larynx
What is another term for the trachea?
the trachea is also known as the windpipe
Describe the function of the trachea.
the trachea is responsible for conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi
Describe the anatomical position of the trachea.
the trachea is anterior to the esophagus
What is the function of the horizontal tracheal cartilages?
the tracheal cartilages function to keep the airways open within the trachea
What is the name of the smooth muscle in between the tracheal cartilages?
the smooth muscle in between the tracheal cartilages are called trachealis muscle
What is the function of the trachealis muscle?
the trachealis muscles functions to expand the esophagus into the trachea during swallowing
Where does the trachea end?
the trachea ends at the carina
How many tubes does the trachea split into?
the trachea splits into two tubes
What are the names of the tubes that the trachea splits into?
the trachea splits into two tubes called the primary bronchi
What are the two primary bronchi?
the two primary bronchi are the right and let primary bronchi
Describe the function of the left/ right primary bronchi.
the left/ right primary bronchi are responsible for supplying air to the lungs
Primary bronchi divide into which bronchi?
the primary bronchi divide into the secondary bronchi
What is the function of the secondary bronchi?
the secondary bronchi function to supply air to each lobe of the lungs
Secondary bronchi divides into which bronchi?
the secondary bronchi divides into the tertiary bronchi
The extensive branching of the bronchi form what?
the bronchial tree
Tertiary bronchi divide into what?
tertiary bronchi divide into bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles divide into what?
respiratory bronchioles divide into alveolar ducts
Which portion of the bronchioles initiate the respiratory zone of the lungs?
the terminal bronchioles are the initiation point of the respiratory zone
The terminal bronchioles divide into what?
the terminal bronchioles divide into the respiratory bronchioles
Clusters of alveoli are called what?
clusters of alveoli are called alveolar sacs
Which types of cells form the respiratory membrane?
the respiratory membrane is formed by simple squamous alveolar cells and simple squamous blood capillary cells
Where does gas exchange occur?
gas exchange occurs in the respiratory membrane
Describe the role of bronchodilators in reference to asthma.
because smooth muscles in the bronchioles causes constriction (an asthma attack), bronchodilators cause the smooth muscle to relax
How many lobes does the right lung have?
the right lung has three lobes
How many lobes does the left lung have?
the left lung has two lobes
The right lung consists of which lobes?
the right lung consists of the superior, middle, and inferior lobes
The left lung consists of which lobes?
the left lung consists of the superior and inferior lobes
Which lung contains the cardiac notch?
the left lung has the cardiac notch
What is the rounded superior part of the lung called?
the rounded superior part of the lung is called the apex
What is broader, more inferior part of the of the lung called?
the broader more inferior part of the lung is called the base
Describe the hilum of the lungs?
the hilum is an area surrounded with pleura and is where the blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter the medial side of the lung
Which cavity contains the lungs?
the lungs are contained within the thoracic cavity
What separates the lungs from each other?
the lungs are separated by the heart and mediastinum
Which pleura lines the thoracic wall?
the parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall
which pleura covers the surface of each lung?
the visceral pleural lines the surface of each lung
Define the pleural cavity.
the pleural cavity is the space between the two pleural layers and contains pleural fluid
