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anatomy and physiology ii > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LAB > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LAB Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

the respiratory system provides oxygen the cells and removes carbon dioxide from the body

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2
Q

How do the cells use oxygen?

A

oxygen is used by the cells as a terminal electron receptor

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3
Q

What is carbon dioxide?

A

carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration

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4
Q

Describe the movement of atmospheric oxygen within the respiratory system.

A

atmospheric oxygen moves into the lungs and diffuses in the circulatory system

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5
Q

What is the result of too much carbon dioxide within the blood?

A

too much carbon dioxide within the blood increases the hydrogen ion concentration within the blood

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6
Q

What is the result of an increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood?

A

an increased concentration of hydrogen ions causes acidosis of the blood

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7
Q

True or False: the respiratory system is integrated into other anatomical systems?

A

true; the respiratory system is integrated into other anatomical systems

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8
Q

What are the main organs of the respiratory system?

A

the main organs of the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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9
Q

Which of the main organs compose the upper respiratory system?

A

the nose, pharynx, and compose the upper respiratory airways

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10
Q

Which of the main organs compose the lower respiratory system?

A

the trachea, bronchi, and lungs make up the lower respiratory ariways

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11
Q

The framework of the nose is composed of what?

A

the framework of the nose is composed of bone a cartilage

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12
Q

What is anterior portion of the nose comprised of?

A

the anterior portion of the nose is comprised of hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

What is the posterior portion of the nose comprised of?

A

the posterior portion of the nose is compromised of bone

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14
Q

What are the initial openings of the respiratory system called?

A

the two initial opening of the respiratory system are called the external/ anterior nares

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15
Q

The external/ anterior nares lead to what?

A

the external nares lead to the nasal cavity

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16
Q

Describe the function of the nasal septum.

A

the nasal septum is responsible for separating the nasal cavity into right and left portions

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17
Q

Which part of the nasal cavity is highly vascularized and the sight of nosebleeds?

A

the nasal septum is highly vascularized and is the site of nosebleeds

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18
Q

What are the three curved, bony structures that extend into the nasal cavity?

A

the three curved, bony structures that extend into the nasal cavity are the superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae/ turbinates

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19
Q

Describe the meatus.

A

the meatus is a concavity beneath each of the conchae which increases the surface area of the nose

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20
Q

What is the function of the meatuses?

A

the meatuses are responsible for warming and humidifying the air breathed in

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21
Q

What is the name of the palate that forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

the bony/ hard palate forms the floor of the nasal cavity

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22
Q

The nasal cavity ends with which two openings?

A

the nasal cavity ends with the internal/ posterior nares

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23
Q

The nasal cavity leads into which respiratory organ?

A

the nasal cavity leads into the pharynx

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24
Q

The pharynx is commonly known as what?

A

the pharynx is commonly known as the throat

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25
Q

The pharynx is divided into which three regions?

A

the pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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26
Q

Describe where the nasopharynx begins and ends.

A

the nasopharynx begins at the external nares and ends at the soft palate

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27
Q

Describe where the oropharynx begins and ends.

A

the oropharynx begins at the soft palate and ends at the hyoid bone

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28
Q

Describe where the laryngopharynx begins and ends.

A

the laryngopharynx begins at the hyoid bone and ends at the esophagus

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29
Q

Where is the soft palate found?

A

the soft palate is found in the pharynx

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30
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the soft palate as it relates to the hard palate.

A

the soft palate is a posterior extension of the hard palate

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31
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the uvula as it relates to the soft palate.

A

the uvula is the oval-shaped tissue that dangles inferiorly as an extension of the soft palate

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32
Q

What is the function of the uvula?

A

the uvula is responsible preventing fluids from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing and directing food into the laryngopharynx

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33
Q

Which structures have openings from the middle ear into the nasopharynx?

A

the auditory tubes/ eustachian tubes have openings from the middle ear into the nasopharynx

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34
Q

Which tonsil is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?

A

the pharyngeal tonsil/ adenoid tonsil is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

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35
Q

The palatine and lingual tonsils are apart of which respiratory structure?

A

the palatine and lingual structures are apart of the oropharynx

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36
Q

How are infections able to be spread from the ears to the nose/ mouth?

A

infections are able to be spread throughout these areas because they are connected by ducts

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37
Q

The larynx is also known as what?

A

the larynx is also known as the “voice box”

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38
Q

The larynx connects which two respiratory structures?

A

the larynx connected the laryngopharynx and the trachea

39
Q

How many hyaline cartilages does the larynx consist of?

A

the larynx consists of nine hyaline cartilages

40
Q

The vocal cords are housed by which anatomical structure?

A

the vocal cords are housed by the larynx

41
Q

What is the most important for sounds production?

A

the larynx

42
Q

The larynx contains which three paired cartliages?

A

the larynx contains the arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages

43
Q

Describe the location of the arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages.

A

the arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages are located on the posterior wall of the larynx

44
Q

The larynx contains which three singular cartilages?

A

the larynx contains the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis

45
Q

Which cartilages comprise the main body of the larynx?

A

the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis comprise the main body of the larynx

46
Q

Which is the largest cartilage of the larynx?

A

the thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage of the larynx

47
Q

What is the large prominence on the anterior portion of the thyroid cartilage called?

A

the large prominence on the anterior portion of the thyroid cartilage is called the laryngeal prominence

48
Q

What is another term for the laryngeal prominence?

A

the laryngeal prominence is also known as the “adam’s apple”

49
Q

what is the laryngeal cartilage made up of?

A

the laryngeal cartilage is made up of hyaline cartilage

50
Q

Describe the anatomical structure/ position of cricoid cartilage.

A

cricoid cartilage is inferior to the thyroid cartilage and is larger posteriorly than anteriorly

51
Q

What is cricoid cartilage made up of?

A

cricoid cartilage is made up of hyaline cartilage

52
Q

Define the glottis.

A

the glottis is the opening that allows air into the larynx

53
Q

What is the epiglottis made up of?

A

the epiglottis is made up of elastic cartilage

54
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

the epiglottis covers the glottis during swallowing

55
Q

What is the clinical significance of the hyoid bone?

A

in forensic pathology fractures of the hyoid bone are observed for signs of strangulation

56
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the hyoid bone.

A

the hyoid bone is a slender bone between the chin and larynx

57
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

A

the hyoid bone functions to attach several muscles that control the mandible, tongue, and larynx

58
Q

What is another term for the trachea?

A

the trachea is also known as the windpipe

59
Q

Describe the function of the trachea.

A

the trachea is responsible for conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi

60
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the trachea.

A

the trachea is anterior to the esophagus

61
Q

What is the function of the horizontal tracheal cartilages?

A

the tracheal cartilages function to keep the airways open within the trachea

62
Q

What is the name of the smooth muscle in between the tracheal cartilages?

A

the smooth muscle in between the tracheal cartilages are called trachealis muscle

63
Q

What is the function of the trachealis muscle?

A

the trachealis muscles functions to expand the esophagus into the trachea during swallowing

64
Q

Where does the trachea end?

A

the trachea ends at the carina

65
Q

How many tubes does the trachea split into?

A

the trachea splits into two tubes

66
Q

What are the names of the tubes that the trachea splits into?

A

the trachea splits into two tubes called the primary bronchi

67
Q

What are the two primary bronchi?

A

the two primary bronchi are the right and let primary bronchi

68
Q

Describe the function of the left/ right primary bronchi.

A

the left/ right primary bronchi are responsible for supplying air to the lungs

69
Q

Primary bronchi divide into which bronchi?

A

the primary bronchi divide into the secondary bronchi

70
Q

What is the function of the secondary bronchi?

A

the secondary bronchi function to supply air to each lobe of the lungs

71
Q

Secondary bronchi divides into which bronchi?

A

the secondary bronchi divides into the tertiary bronchi

72
Q

The extensive branching of the bronchi form what?

A

the bronchial tree

73
Q

Tertiary bronchi divide into what?

A

tertiary bronchi divide into bronchioles

74
Q

Respiratory bronchioles divide into what?

A

respiratory bronchioles divide into alveolar ducts

74
Q

Which portion of the bronchioles initiate the respiratory zone of the lungs?

A

the terminal bronchioles are the initiation point of the respiratory zone

75
Q

The terminal bronchioles divide into what?

A

the terminal bronchioles divide into the respiratory bronchioles

76
Q

Clusters of alveoli are called what?

A

clusters of alveoli are called alveolar sacs

77
Q

Which types of cells form the respiratory membrane?

A

the respiratory membrane is formed by simple squamous alveolar cells and simple squamous blood capillary cells

78
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

gas exchange occurs in the respiratory membrane

79
Q

Describe the role of bronchodilators in reference to asthma.

A

because smooth muscles in the bronchioles causes constriction (an asthma attack), bronchodilators cause the smooth muscle to relax

80
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

the right lung has three lobes

81
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

the left lung has two lobes

82
Q

The right lung consists of which lobes?

A

the right lung consists of the superior, middle, and inferior lobes

83
Q

The left lung consists of which lobes?

A

the left lung consists of the superior and inferior lobes

84
Q

Which lung contains the cardiac notch?

A

the left lung has the cardiac notch

85
Q

What is the rounded superior part of the lung called?

A

the rounded superior part of the lung is called the apex

86
Q

What is broader, more inferior part of the of the lung called?

A

the broader more inferior part of the lung is called the base

87
Q

Describe the hilum of the lungs?

A

the hilum is an area surrounded with pleura and is where the blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter the medial side of the lung

88
Q

Which cavity contains the lungs?

A

the lungs are contained within the thoracic cavity

89
Q

What separates the lungs from each other?

A

the lungs are separated by the heart and mediastinum

90
Q

Which pleura lines the thoracic wall?

A

the parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall

91
Q

which pleura covers the surface of each lung?

A

the visceral pleural lines the surface of each lung

92
Q

Define the pleural cavity.

A

the pleural cavity is the space between the two pleural layers and contains pleural fluid

93
Q
A

anatomy and physiology ii (24 decks)

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