BLOOD LAB Flashcards
What are the functions of whole blood?
transports respiratory gases, delivery of nutrients and hormones, regulation of pH and body temperature, and protection
What makes up whole blood?
plasma and the formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets)
What does whole blood protect you against?
it protects you against infection and prevents blood loss
What are leukocytes responsible for?
they are responsible for protection against infection
What are platelets responsible for?
they are involved in the clotting mechanism at the site of injury
What percentage of blood loss can result in shock and even death?
30% of blood volume loss
When are blood transfusions necessary?
when the blood loss exceeds the bodies ability to compensate for the lost blood
True or False: giving someone the wrong blood type isn’t fatal
false; someone can die if given an incompatible blood during the transfusion
What are the identification markers of erythrocytes?
they are marked by antigens
What forms can antigens take?
antigens can be certain proteins, glycoproteins, or glycolipids that are associated with the surface of an erythrocyte
Why are antigens significant?
they have the ability to evoke an immune response when encountering a non-compatible blood type
What do antigens combine with in order to form an immune response?
they combine with antibodies
What type of antigens do people with “a” blood have?
the “a” antigen
What type of antigens do people with “ab” blood have?
both “a” and “b” antigens
What type of antigens do people with “b” blood have?
the “b” antigen
What type of antigens do people with “o” blood have?
no antigens
What is the most common blood type in the US?
type “o”
What is the least common blood type in the US?
type “ab”
What is the reaction called when antigen-specific antibodies combine within the cardiovascular system?
agglutination
What is the most important blood group in humans?
the “abo” blood group
How many years of life does it take for the “abo” blood group system to form?
it occurs within the first years of a person’s life
What blood group system provides the positive/ negative aspect of blood tying?
the “rh(d)” antigen
hat percentage of americans contain the rh(d) antigen?
~85%
What causes someone to have a certain blood type (including the rh(d) antigen?
they must be exposed to the antigen itself
